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If you don’t succeed the first time around, should you try and try again?
It depends on your reasons for not succeeding the first time around, but most people ignore that point and jump straight to the “try and try again” part.
And one of the most popular methods for getting a “do-over” is the Master’s in Finance (MSF) program offered at universities around the world.
These programs can be useful if you use them correctly.
But most students don’t understand when they’re helpful, which leads to wasted time and money and big disappointments:
Why a Master’s Degree?
Many students and professionals believe that a Master’s in Finance degree is a magical solution for getting into investment banking.
That explains how we get emails like the following:
“I’ve worked in marketing for two years, and I have a B.A. from a Top 50 university in the U.S. I decided to change my career a year ago, and now I am pursuing a Master’s Degree in Economics at a Top 20 university. I have no experience in finance, but I am currently taking accounting and finance classes. Which area of investment banking should I apply to?”
I hate to be the bearer of bad news, but a Master’s degree is not a great idea in this case. But first, let’s define a “Master’s in Finance” degree and explain how it differs from other options like an MBA.
What is a Master’s in Finance Degree?
A Master’s in Finance program is shorter, cheaper, and narrower than a traditional MBA:
- Length: Usually one year rather than two.
- Cost: Far less because of the shorter length, though tuition still adds up to tens of thousands of USD, GBP, or EUR.
- Scope: Covers just accounting and finance; classes are more focused than those in MBA programs. You won’t learn about operations, management, or marketing unless it’s a Master’s degree in Management or another, broader area.
You might apply for this degree right after finishing undergraduate, or you might do it after working for 1-2 years.
Applying after 5-10 years of full-time work would not be useful – go for an MBA or skip the degree altogether.
There are also Master’s degrees in other areas, like Economics or Management, but you’re best off with Finance or the Finance track if you want the types of roles featured on this site (investment banking, private equity, corporate development, etc.).
There are exceptions to the rules above: For example, many top European MBAs last for one year (INSEAD, Bocconi, etc.), and some MSF programs last for two years.
Finally, there are some differences between the U.S. and other countries because 4- or 5-year combined Bachelor’s/Master’s programs are more common in the rest of the world.
What MSF Programs Can and Can’t Do for You
MSF degrees are most useful when you’ve decided on investment banking late in the process, but not too late.
So, you have some finance-related coursework, internships, or full-time work experience, but not enough to get into banking out of university.
Here’s a specific example:
- Useful: You majored in accounting and became interested in banking in your last year of university. You have no IB-related internships, but you did win a Big 4 full-time offer. You’re planning to work there for 1-2 years and use that experience, plus a Master’s degree, to get into investment banking.
- Not as Useful: You majored in biology, worked in a lab for 1-2 years, and you’re going to apply to MSF programs to make a career change into banking. You were not interested in banking until you started working full-time and got bored with your job.
In the second case, you’ll have no relevant work experience, which is a big problem since you need a sequence of finance-related internships or full-time roles to get in.
An MSF degree would make sense in the second case only if you could complete finance internships before or during the program.
Here’s another example:
- Useful: You became interested in banking when you were attending university in China, but it was too late to win real IB internships. However, you did complete a corporate finance internship at a local firm. You’ll apply to Master’s programs in the U.S. or U.K., complete several internships, and move into IB from there (a similar story from a reader).
- Not as Useful: You completed a technical degree in India and worked as an engineer for 1-2 years. You have no finance experience. Now, you want to make a complete career change and apply to Master’s programs in the U.S. or U.K. and get into investment banking from there.
It’s the same problem as in the first example: It’s a big leap to go from no finance experience to investment banking solely through a degree.
Even if you completed an MBA instead, you would still need a pre-MBA internship in finance or something more relevant to have a good shot.
A Master’s in Finance degree helps you with:
- Re-Branding – If nothing in your background seems related to finance, the degree will move you closer if you also get work experience.
- Boosting Your Prestige – If you went to a lesser-known university, you could make up for it by completing a Master’s degree at a top school.
- Access to Recruiters – If you attend a program that offers on-campus recruiting, you’ll have a much easier time winning interviews.
- Access to Internships – You’ll also have an easier time winning internships before and during the school year if you contact firms and say you’re an incoming or current MSF student at University X.
But there are also some limitations.
For example, you won’t win IB roles as an Associate from an MSF; banks recruit Analyst-level candidates from these programs.
The usefulness of MSF programs also varies greatly by region.
They’re the most helpful in the U.S. and U.K. because of the sheer number of IB roles and because many banks recruit students from these programs.
But they’re useless in a place like Australia because most banks recruit only top undergrad students with Law and Commerce degrees, and post-graduate recruiting is underdeveloped.
The physical location of the university is also important. It’s easier to win investment banking roles if you’re close to London, New York, or another financial center than if you’re in a small town with only a few local firms nearby.
Finally, if you’re an international student, you have to look up whether or not the degree qualifies for STEM treatment.
If it does, then you can work in the U.S. for 36 months after graduation (the OPT program) without applying for an H-1B visa, which makes it far easier to win job offers.
You cannot necessarily go by the lists of the “top” programs – you have to make sure anything you pick qualifies as STEM.
For example, the Princeton and Vanderbilt programs both qualify, so they are much better options than programs that do not.
The Best MSF Programs
On that note: I am allergic to rankings, but I’ll link to a few lists here.
In Europe, places like LSE, Imperial, HEC, LBS, Esade, IE, and several others offer the best MSF options (the eFinancialCareers list here is a good starting point).
You can find a partial list of the “top” U.S. programs here.
Note, however, that many schools are not on the list because of terminology differences.
For example, the UVA program is well-regarded, but the school calls it an “M.S. in Commerce” and offers a Finance track within that degree, so, technically, it is not an “M.S. in Finance.”
You’ll see that many of the best schools for MSF programs are not Ivy League universities, but are good state schools (UT Austin, UVA, etc.) and Top 20-30 schools (Vanderbilt, WUSTL, Notre Dame, USC, etc.) instead.
Many of these schools have stronger placements into certain industries than others, so you should always look up or request placement stats from the school before applying.There’s an example for Villanova here.
How to Apply and Get In
It is extremely competitive at the top schools, which is another reason why these programs do not offer a sure-fire path into IB.
For example, the admissions rate at MIT appears to be ~10%; at Princeton, it’s closer to 5%.
These programs aren’t as competitive as Ph.D. programs with ~1% admission rates, but they’re also far tougher than community colleges with ~80% acceptance rates.
So, your GMAT or GRE scores must be high, your personal essays must be great, and you must have glowing recommendations and interview performances.
It goes back to the point I made in the beginning: Master’s programs are appropriate if you became interested in IB too late to get the required internships, but they aren’t a panacea.
We don’t do admissions consulting here, but a few application tips include:
- Show That You Can Win Job Offers – These programs, especially the ones with smaller class sizes, care a lot about placement stats, so they’re more likely to admit someone who has front-office (or even middle-office) finance experience than someone who is coming in as a total career changer.
If you haven’t had full-time work experience, play up your internships and finance-related coursework.
You need to give the impression that you could have won a front-office finance job if you had applied for one.
- Show That You’re a Real Human Being – Have at least one solid interest outside of work and academics. It’s the same as responding to the “Walk me through your resume” question, and your interests, or lack thereof, will come across in admissions interviews.
- Show That You Can Bring Something Unique to the School – For example, some programs are more research-oriented, so if you have published research, emphasize it (even if you have no intention of pursuing a D.).
What to Do When You’re There
Much of the advice in our MBA-level IB recruiting articles applies here as well:
- Get Internship Experience ASAP – Many of these MSF programs are full-time, so you’ll have to go for part-time, school-year internships. You should try to take time off before the program to complete a “pre-MSF internship” as well, especially if you’re making a big change.
- Network, Network, and Network Even More – As with MBA recruiting, you should start reaching out to alumni long before the program begins.
- And Maintain Reasonably Good Grades – Now you have two sets of grades, and they both have to be reasonably good.
As with MBA programs, the notion that you can “reinvent yourself” in MSF programs is completely false: You have to prepare for recruiting long before you set foot on campus.
And our courses, including the IB Interview Guide below, can help with just that:
IB Interview Guide
Land investment banking offers with 578+ pages of detailed tutorials, templates and sample answers, quizzes, and 17 Excel-based case studies.
learn moreIf you want more of a personal touch, including comprehensive coaching for all things recruiting-related, our friends at Wall Street Mastermind might be able to help you out.
They have helped numerous students break into investment banking by going the Master’s in Finance route, and their coaches include a former Global Head of Recruiting at three different large banks.
They provide personalized, hands-on guidance through the entire networking and interview process – and they have a great track record of results for their clients.
You can book a free consultation with them to learn more.
Master’s Programs: The Ultimate Second Chance?
If you use a Master’s in Finance program correctly, you won’t have to try and try again because you’ll win the offer you want the first time around.
But that only works if you’re the right candidate for MSF programs and you approach the entire process correctly.
Get any of that wrong, and you’ll be back in the “try and try again” camp for a long time to come.
Want More?
You might be interested in:
- Boutique Investment Banks: The Full Guide
- The Equity Research Analyst Career Path: The Best Escape from a Ph.D. Program, or a Pathway into the Abyss?
- How to Move from the Military to Investment Banking at the Associate Level
- The Definitive Guide to Leveraged Finance (LevFin)
- How to Move from Medical School to Investment Banking
- Is an MBA Worth It? The Top 3 Reasons to Do the Degree
- Why Did a Bank Just Rescind Your Job Offer, and What Can You Do About It?
- How to Win a Full-Time Investment Banking Offer as an International Student in a Non-Target Master’s Program.
About the Author
Brian DeChesare is the Founder of Mergers & Inquisitions and Breaking Into Wall Street. In his spare time, he enjoys lifting weights, running, traveling, obsessively watching TV shows, and defeating Sauron.
Free Exclusive Report: 57-page guide with the action plan you need to break into investment banking - how to tell your story, network, craft a winning resume, and dominate your interviews
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Hi Brian, hope you are well!
I graduated from a target uni (UK) in 2022, achieving a 2:1 in Economics. I currently work in an international bank in London, doing a middle office (MO) role for the past 1.5 years +. Woulld the MSF be a good idea for me to get into IB in London, considering by the time I join the MSF I would be 3 years out of undergrad with 2 years of semi-relevant / MO work experience? I am an international so would only be able to work if the bank sponsors my visa. My team is infrastructure and power btw.
Thanks
MSF in a target UK B-school*
Hi Brian,
Thank you for all the resources you’ve currently posted!
I am a Canadian student with semi-relevant internships who is looking to pursue a MSF in the US.
I have been granted admission at SMU Cox, IU Kelley, and Fordham Gabelli. And, I am awaiting a response from Emory Goizueta, UT Austin, and Notre Dame Mendoza.
How would you rank the following 6 programs for a finance or management consulting role?
Thank you for all the help!
They’re all good programs, but the ones you’re still waiting to hear from are definitely better. So if you can hold out for those before accepting the others, I would recommend doing so (not sure of the exact rankings within them). The three you already have could work as well but are not quite as good (outside the IB workshop at IU Kelley, which I think is only for undergrads).
Not sure about the management consulting rankings, which are probably different, but I’m not sure MSF programs really lead to consulting roles in most cases (???) – a more general type of degree might work better there.
I graduate from undergrad may 2026 and I will be doing a masters program directly afterwards. Am I eligible to apply for summer 26 internships?
I think there might be a timing challenge, many summer 2026 internship applications are already opening, but I won’t have admission decisions for a masters program until Fall 2025 or Spring 2026.
How would you recommend I navigate this timing mismatch when applying?
If you’re still in school after the summer of 2026, yes. Maybe just ay that you expect to enroll in Master’s Program X, so you will still be in school by the time of the internship. It helps if the Master’s program is at your current university because it will probably raise fewer questions that way.
Hi Brian,
I am a first year valuation analyst with some internships in M&A and IB, I want to get back to IB and I am considering a Masters in Finance from a top university. Do you think I need it or could I just focus on applications and eventually is possible to get the offer. I come from a non-target university and I want to delete the name on my resume and replace it with a top tier (I am considering Nova, IE or Bocconi).
Thank you!
I don’t really think an MSF will help if you already have direct internship experience in M&A / IB / valuation. You could just focus lateral hiring / networking and probably get good responses like that. A better university name will help, but the MSF is unlikely to be worth the time / money in this case.
Hi. I am a CFA L3 candidate and have done my engineering(electrical) from semi-target college and have a minors degree in Quant Finance. I graduated in 2024 and am joining the big 4 as a valuation analyst. I gave my GRE recently 320(Q165, V155).
I want to pursue my masters in either MFE or MFin from a target school. I am unable to decide whether to go ahead with MFE or Mfin. I am not very enthusiastic about coding but i do love finance and economics and would like to join IBs. I doubt i would learn anything new in the MFin program. Being an international student my ultimate aim is to secure a good job. In the current market will I be able to get a good job if i do pursue MFin? Or should I just buck up and start working on my coding skills for MFE?
Any advice would be of great help
I think you need to decide on your career first before choosing between an MFE or MFin program. If you’re working at a Big 4 firm as a valuation analyst and you already have an engineering degree and quant finance degree, I don’t really think you need another Master’s degree to get into investment banking. You could just work at the Big 4 firm for ~1 year and then interview around as a lateral hire and probably find something. Though it also depends on your visa status (I assume you are using the OPT program), and I’m not completely certain how banks would treat you as an international lateral candidate (some banks are open to visa sponsorship, and others less so).
If you decide to go the quant route, I’m also unsure why you would need another degree. You already have a technical major, a quant finance minor, and good grades/credentials, and most quant jobs care more about your skill set than your exact degree.
So I’m not sure I understand why you need any of these degrees currently.
I am currently perusing MSF (STEM) from a non-target NYC college and currently in my 3rd semester. I haven’t done any US based finance internships yet. Additionally, I am in my late 20s. I have 3 1/2 years of big4 experience in risk consulting back in India, what are my chances of breaking into IB with banks like UBS and EBs.
I think it will be very difficult if you’re at a non-target university and you haven’t done any U.S.-based / deal-based internships yet. Risk consulting is OK, but it will be discounted for not being deal/client-based in the same way as IB/PE roles, and India adds another discount on top of that. It depends a bit on how much time you have before graduation, but you should either aim for IB/PE/VC off-cycle/school-year internships at boutique firms ASAP and/or consider non-IB options post-graduation (corporate banking, Big 4, valuation, etc.) and then aim for a move into IB from there.
sir im from india my aim is to get into top b school like harvard ,stanford to get into goldmansach or jp morgan but my undergraduation [UG] gpa is slightly low like 70 percent and also i had few arrear baclogs in ug so i have decided to do a small 1 year distance MSc finance or MIM and this time i will score 90 percent in that then i will apply for mba in top b school even after that also will they reject me because of my poor perfomance in my past ug or will they give admission by seeing my ms finance mark?
I can’t comment on the grading system in India, sorry. If you can get into a top Master’s program and do well there, it should help with a lower undergraduate GPA, though. It seems a bit redundant to apply for a Master’s degree and then do an MBA, and you will get questions about this if you do it and then apply for roles out of the MBA program (at least if you apply for U.S.-based roles since not as many people do post-undergrad-non-MBA-Master’s there).
Hi, i graduated ten years ago with a B.S. in Economics. I’ve worked various roles in commercial lending and my most current role is a Portfolio Manager. To further advance my career as a Commercial Lender, do you think it’d be best to get an MBA or Masters in Finance or Accounting?
thanks in advance
Sorry, I don’t know enough about commercial lending roles to say which one is most useful, but if you already have 10+ years of work experience, you would probably want to get an MBA at this point based on the fact that the MBA is for more experienced candidates.
Thank you for your insights—they’ve been incredibly helpful for someone like me who is transitioning into Investment Banking, especially as an international candidate.
I am a 25-year-old female with about 4 years of work experience, currently working in Product Marketing at an early-stage B2B startup. Over the past two years, I’ve had the opportunity to work on various fundraising materials for my startup, which piqued my interest in finance. This interest isn’t entirely new, as I studied Accounting and Economics in both university and high school. I hold a Bachelor’s degree in Journalism from a semi-target school in India.
I’ve started upskilling for the role and brushing up on older concepts. I feel confident in most skills required for Investment Banking, though I still need to work on Financial Modeling.
I am focusing on the US market and plan to apply for a Master’s in Finance this fall. I’m comfortable with the idea of recruiting as an analyst, even though I would be matriculating by age 27. Additionally, I am considering securing a pre-MF internship as an Investment Banking Analyst at investment banks in India or even at one of the Big 4 firms for a M&A role. I have a good network for both.
What advice would you have for me?
Leave India ASAP and move to a better market with more IB roles and better MSF programs that lead into IB roles. The U.S. or Europe (U.K.) would work. Do not do the pre-MSF internship in India if you can avoid it. A Big 4 internship would also work, but a small IB/PE/VC firm is more relevant in most cases.
Hi Brian. As an international student-athlete who just graduated from a mid-major D1 university in Florida with a degree in Interdisciplinary Studies, I’m now transferring to St. John’s University in New York for my master’s program, thanks to a scholarship for playing on their tennis team. My goal is to work in the city, ideally in investment banking or a related field.
Initially, I aimed for an MBA, and St. John’s offers a STEM MBA, which is beneficial for me as an international student. However, I’ve heard that doing an MBA right after undergrad might not be as valuable. As a result, I’m considering an MSF instead. The STEM MBA would take two years (August 2024 – May 2026), while the MSF would be one and a half years (August 2024 – December 2025).
I lack work experience, and my undergraduate background isn’t strong. My two options are: 1) pursue the STEM MBA now and achieve my goal of having an MBA, or 2) pursue the MSF, work for three years, and then potentially return for an MBA at a top program. What do you think would be the best path for me?
Thanks!
Never do an MBA right after undergrad if your goal is investment banking.
The MSF is better, but you should ideally get some work experience during/before the program so you can be more competitive for IB Analyst roles. If you can get into IB after the MSF program, you don’t really have a reason to do an MBA after.
Hi Brian,
Astronomical read! I am going to give you my entire situation. I went to Suffolk University for undergrad, graduated in 2022 with a 3.5 GPA degree in Finance. After that I worked at Fidelity Investments as a Customer Relationship Advocate (CRA) and attained my series 7 & 63. I want to move into IB. What are the chances I can move into IB with say a 3.6 GPA, attaining a MSF from Boston College Carrol School of Management. Also would a dual degree MBA/MSF, significantly raise my chances or not really? I am weighing cost & time for MBA vs just an MSF. Hoping you can answer all the questions I asked. Also additional information I was a finance tutor at Suffolk University and I also work at a Tax firm on the side where I do peoples taxes and am a manager there.
The issue here is that Boston College (any level) is not really a target school for IB roles. If you want to do an MSF, please see the target school list here:
https://mergersandinquisitions.com/investment-banking-target-schools/
If you can get into a top MSF program and maybe get a better internship before/during the program, yes, you could potentially use it to move into IB.
An MBA isn’t worth it unless you have closer to ~5 years of work experience in most cases.
Thank you for your honest insights. What’s your thoughts on Harvard Extension School MSF?
If this is the one with just online courses, I would be very careful because online MSF programs are viewed differently from offline/classroom ones. You might not get the same attention from recruiters or much on-campus recruiting either, since you won’t even really be on campus.
Hello Brian,
If I do the masters in finance directly out of undergrad with no full time work experience only internships will I still be required to do an MBA as well later down the line? I see so many people on linkedin they work in PE and leave for an MBA then return .Is the MBA required at lots of companies for progression in the career? or will having an top MFin directly out of undergrad will be enough? As I really don’t want to spend my time and resources doing two masters.
An MBA is rarely “required” for any role in finance unless you are making a career change into the role. If you start out in a role, you hardly ever need an MBA to advance in most cases.
You can do a normal Master’s degree right out of undergrad without full-time work experience, but you’ll be set up for somewhat different roles that explicitly don’t want or require FT work experience.
Hello Brian, I hope you are doing well.
I am currently studying in the No.1 commerce college in India. As you know the IB market here is pretty terrible and there are almost zero BB/EB if any that take students in their analyst position without MBA.I will begin my 2nd semester hence have 5 semesters left before I graduate . My question is If I put my all in that is get a great GPA , do as many internships possible in field closely related to IB , Clear CFA till L2 , aggressively network etc .Is there any chance that I land a FT offer at an BB/EB In US/UK directly after I graduate. Even though my college has some people working in Top IB or PE firms but none of them has done what I want to do.Do you know anyone who have done it before? I know already how difficult it is for students studying there trying to break in. But I am willing to sacrifice my whole college life and anything really and put in 100 hours per week for my remaining 5 semesters. Now I know about the H1-B thing in the US. But in U.K is there any chance as they do sponsor work visa and doesn’t have the lottery system or should I just graduate without doing all this and go to this masters in finance route? Please give your honest without sugarcoated opinion. I am sorry If I sounded really delusional and stupid but I really wanted to ask it and get this thing out whether it is possible or not as it’s really bugging my head.
Thank You.
I don’t think you can do that without also doing a degree in the US or UK because you won’t have permission to work in either country. Yes, it’s a bit easier in the UK, but you’d still be much better off if you did a top Master’s in Finance degree there and used that to apply for internships in the country. In general, banks do not hire people from completely different regions right out of undergrad.
Hi Brian, Thanks for the comment! Even I’m from India and have super good EC’s and Internships, Projects and a decent profile. But I’m from a non- target school in India. So to get a job in the field i am targeting to pursue a MSF from a top school from world’s leading financial hubs (NY, Singapore, HK, US, London); But i want to work there and in US I only get a 3 yr work permit and then lottery (not really a great thing). What should i do as per youto work in core finance industry in the financial hubs. And i will also do an MBA after my MS (if required/ Career progression)
All you can do is go for the UK instead since it is somewhat easier to get a longer-term work permit there. With the US system, you basically have to be there for several years, get lucky, and then eventually get a green card to stay in the country permanently. The odds are not great, but it is easily the best market worldwide for finance jobs. If you don’t like these odds, think about the UK or Singapore, but be aware that pay will be lower, and there won’t be many exit opportunities or career opportunities in general.
Hey Brian, I hope you are doing well.
I would really appreciate some guidance on this topic: I’m from LATAM and graduated in Engineering in Management science, I’m currently working in the M&A department for a Big 4 (2YEO) I want to break into high finance (IB, PE or Hedgefunds) and work in the US. I was wondering if the only route for me is to get into a top business school and getting a MSc. In finance or a MBA (1. Which would it be?), salaries over here are not good at all to afford studying in the US but I could figure something out maybe for Fall 2025, Or the other possibility is to study in Europe at places also widely known such as HEC Paris, ESSEC, IE Spain because I can afford those more comfortably, the thing is that I don’t know how valuable are these masters at those schools to work (my main goal) in the US (2. Would it be worth it?).
I’ve read The Banker Bluprint, I’m obsessed with your content, thanks in advance!!!
If your goal is to work in the US, yes, a top MBA or Master’s degree in the US is your best option because you’ll run into obstacles getting a work visa if you just apply for roles there from your current job. Transferring internally and then searching might be an option, but I don’t know how easy/difficult it is to switch regions (some firms don’t want to bother with the visa process).
At this stage, it’s hard to say if you should do an MBA or Master’s, but since you have Big 4 M&A experience, you could probably get away with a top Master’s in Finance degree (1-year program).
You could do the MSF in Europe, but it won’t really help with transferring to the US – bankers have some awareness of top European schools, but most EU programs are geared toward working in those countries or in London.
Hi Brian,
I have recently been admited to a top finance master’s program in the UK and will be starting this September 2024. I have been working in tech (*software engineer) from 2022 since my graduation from a Computer Science degree from a semi-target in the UK. Will I be eligible to apply for IB summer internship roles for 2025 after my master’s since I don’t have prior IB experience or can I only apply to full graduate roles?
Thanks!
If your Master’s finishes before the summer of 2025, you would have to apply to full-time roles. But in the UK, plenty of people do off-cycle internships repeatedly until they win full-time offers at banks, which is one option here unless you can somehow extend the Master’s degree. If you don’t have previous finance experience, you will probably need to get some first to be competitive for IB internships (even off-cycle ones or at smaller firms).
Hi, thank you so much for creating and maintaining this website. It’s a great source of information regarding IB (especially front end positions).
I’m a final year student of Economics from a good university (semi-target, I’d say) in India. But as you mentioned in another comment, the Indian market is not ideal for front office positions, and hence I’m planning to do an MiM in London (from a target school, hopefully) and use that to break into the IB scene in London, mainland Europe or the Middle-East.
Trouble is, I don’t have a great undergrad CGPA (Scholaro says it’s somewhere around 3.0 out of 4), and I don’t have any IB experience either. Under such circumstances, is it feasible to use the MiM degree for a position with an investment bank (not necessarily bulge bracket) in London, Europe or the Middle-East?
I know previous IB experience is the best way to get interviews, and I’m trying to get atleast an internship in India (both front office and middle office, since there are very few front office positions and they are almost exclusively for top MBAs) but not getting very far.
Would appreciate any advice regarding what I could do to strengthen my profile for front end IB before and during my MiM in London. Would CFA help? I’m going to be an international student, and would need visa sponorship post my degree.
I think it will be tough to use the degree effectively in this case. The best thing you can do is get some relevant experience, even if it’s not at an official bank (any corporate finance, lending, or investing role would work), and maybe think about off-cycle internships in the U.K. (not sure how visa/work permissions would work if you do it before the degree begins).
I don’t think the CFA would help offset a lack of work experience, but it might help a bit with your GPA. If you can’t find any front-office roles in India, even something in the middle office, such as market or credit risk, might work.
Another option might be to forget about IB for now, aim for something less competitive (corporate banking, Big 4, credit rating agency, etc.) and use that experience to move in as a lateral hire eventually.
Hi Brian,
I have recently been offered a place in Imperial College London for an MSc in Financial Technology program for 2024 entry, I choose this instead of the MSc Finance since they share the same core modules and optional modules but it also has coding element which would give me more flexibility if I fail to get into investment banking.
I have graduated with a Computer Science degree from semi-target university in last year (2023). I have done a few spring weeks and also have worked in one of Big 4 as summer intern in consulting. I am currently working as a software engineer and looking to go into investment banking.
I have only received my offer last week so I have not been applying to summer internships which you have mentioned above “pre-MSF internships”. As a result I am thinking of deferring my place and start the masters in 2025 while trying to secure a summer internship before the start of the program. Do you think I would still be eligible for a summer internship at that point since it would’ve been 2 years since I graduated from my bachelor’s? Also would would you recommend me to defer my program or start this coming September 2024?
Also would you have recommendations of anything else I can do before starting my masters to maximize my chance of securing a role?
I think it would be a stretch to complete a summer internship ~2 years after you graduated from university. But in the U.K., you can also do off-cycle internships outside the summer, so one of those is probably a better option in this case. You don’t necessarily “need” an internship before the degree begins, but it does boost your chances (as the Big 4 consulting internship + engineering experience may not be quite enough).
I would not recommend deferring your program. If you want to get more experience before it begins, look for off-cycle internships at small PE firms and banks between now and September. It takes some effort (cold calling/emailing), but it is doable:
https://mergersandinquisitions.com/off-cycle-investment-banking-internship/
https://mergersandinquisitions.com/private-equity-internship-to-investment-banking-networking/
hello brian
i am doing my undergrad (b.tech) in civil engeenering from top 10 in india i want to get in IB and want to work in new york at a big firm, currently im a sophomore, will ms in finanace from usa top college will be help full. i have no proior knowledge but i am thinking of doing CFA and some other courses with internships.
what should i do, get into MBA from top indian college or ms from usa. or i should work for 2-3 years in IT to gain work experienc and then apply for MBA in usa from a top college
if yes can u suggest me what should i do to increase my profile for ms,mba as well as IB
India is a bad market for IB roles, so you should leave to maximize your chances. If you can get a visa and work permission for the US and pay for school there, yes, an MSF from a top US university will help. The easiest path is to do the MSF and get in as an Analyst. I don’t recommend the MBA path unless you’ve tried everything else and had no luck. Please see:
https://mergersandinquisitions.com/how-to-get-into-investment-banking/
I have another question!
Recently I have started receiving responses from various investment banks, including small-cap ones. Assume I’ve received an offer from a pan-European boutique investment bank, primarily working in small-cap deals (according to my research), with a presence in London and a primary operation base in Germany (though they have offices worldwide). This would pose a critical decision point in my career trajectory and I want to be ready for it: should I stay at EY in Riga to accumulate at least a year of experience as per the original plan, or seize the opportunity to move to this small-cap investment bank office in London?
My primary goal is to make the best decision for my long-term career growth in M&A. While EY Riga provides a stable and familiar environment, the London role offers exposure to a different market and relocation to London. However, I am also weighing the implications of moving from a Big Four firm to a smaller, more specialised bank.
What is your opinion?
Again, thank you for you help
No, I would recommend moving to London as soon as you get an offer from this boutique bank. People normally recommend staying in a role like the Big 4 for 1 year because sometimes the perception is that they “need” that year of experience to move somewhere else.
But if you’ve been able to get interviews and potentially win an offer without a full year of work first, there’s no real reason to stay.
I have a Bsc in Economics and I want to do my Msc in Finance in the United States and work in Investment Management and after 5 years I want to do an MBA to advance to Manager level and because I am also interested in learning general business management courses. Is it redundant to do an MBA after a Masters in Finance?
Yes, it’s generally redundant to do an MBA after an MSF. MBAs are mostly for career changers or anyone whose company pays for them to attend the program. Also, you rarely need an MBA to advance if you’re already in an industry like investment management. It varies by company and geography, but it seems redundant at first glance.
Dear Brian,
Firstly, I want to thank you for all the work you’re doing at M&I. You opened my eyes to many things, crushed a couple of unrealistic dreams, and opened some new doors that I hadn’t noticed before.
My name is Dmitry, and this year I finished an MSc in Finance and Banking in the UK at the University of East Anglia (not fancy, I know). I’ve got a First, and another one for my BSc in Accounting and Finance. Before the Master’s, I went to Georgetown University for a summer study-abroad program to study International Relations and International Business, where I learned more about strategy and M&A. That’s where my interest in IB and M&A started to build up.
(Sorry for the long introduction, the question is on the way)
Quite obviously, but I wasn’t able to secure an entry-level position in IB, PE or even Big 4 in the UK, so I decided to temporarily come back to my home country (Latvia) and start slow. I’ve got a full-time offer at EY as an M&A Consultant in Riga, Latvia, where, since the teams are smaller, I’ll be able to get exposure in all parts of the deal, including deal initiation and closing, due diligence and financial modelling. I heard that the EY Parthenon is developing quite fast too. EY in Riga operates for the whole Baltics and some Scandinavian and Polish markets, so I believe it’s a good exposure to the field based on what I’ve got to choose from.
Nevertheless, my top priority is to come back to the UK and continue my career there, preferably in London. Based on your experience and expertise, what are my realistic options based on the information I gave you? The best outcome for me would be to end up in the IB M&A, but I need to strategically develop my further steps.
P.S. FYI, I have a Settled Status in the UK under the EU Settlement Scheme, so I have a full right to work in the UK.
Thank you, Brian!
Sincerely,
Dmitry Sakuro
Thanks. Experience outside London tends to be “discounted” if you want to move to London to work, so that counts against you a bit, but if you have M&A consulting experience and permission to work in the UK, you should be competitive for entry-level IB roles if you gain 1-2 years of work experience first.
You might not have a great shot at the top banks (MS, GS, JPM), but you could probably aim for middle-market banks on up to some of the larger ones. You could also try something like cold-emailing boutique banks to ask about jobs, but if you have solid M&A experience at EY, I think you’ll get better results contacting people via LinkedIn/email and requesting quick informational interviews (and then following up to ask about lateral roles).
I see. I have a couple of alumni contacts at GS in London and some in smaller banks like HL, so I might start networking there.
Regarding my role at EY M&A, should I start applying after a year or after two? Two might be quite long time after graduation for an entry level position, don’t you think? As you pointed out, experience outside London tends to be “discounted”
I would recommend applying after around a year, or until you have 1-2 good deals/client experiences to speak to. You don’t want to wait too long.
Hey brian,
I am majoring in economics from the best liberal arts college in India. However, the chances of winning a full time front-end IB roles is very low over here. Therefore, I plan on doing a masters in economics from US/UK. I thought of masters in finance, but most of them require atleast a year of experience. What is your opinion?
I think you’d be better off getting a year of experience in something finance-related in India and then doing the Master’s in Finance in the US or UK.
Hi Brian,
This is such an insightful post, and I wish I had found this much earlier. The comments replies have also very been helpful, but I wanted to get a more specific response in that I do not see cases of Nigerian graduates.
I am currently 22, I completed a Bachelor’s degree in Banking and Finance at a Nigerian university with a 4.67/5.00 BGS honors. I have a six month internship at an Investment Advisory role here, and awaiting offers for Graduate internships for few Investment banks and a Big 4 (deals advisory unit) this month.
I am looking to break into IB/PE and wealth management roles in the US and I’m conflicted between applying for a MSFin in the USA (Fall 2024) or get more experience here and apply for an MBA later on in my career.
What do you think is a better option for me considering IB/PE preference, and also the finance industry in general?
Ps. I took the GREs right after school and got a 316 and wondering if that is good for applying to MSFin programs in the USA
Honestly, I just don’t know enough about the finance industry or recruiting environment to say anything useful here (i.e., whether it’s a good idea to continue with this 6-month internship and keep applying).
However, experience in an emerging market like Nigeria tends to be discounted in places like the US and UK, so I would recommend doing the MSF so you can aim for Analyst-level roles. If you go the MBA route, it’s tougher to get in, there are fewer spots, and you might not be competitive if your only experience is in Nigeria. 316 should be enough but, again, we don’t specialize in Master’s program admissions consulting.
Hi Brian, thank you for such a great article. I am an international student from East Europe, currently in US with student visa. Since my background is law, it is quite difficult to get admitted by top MSFs/MFins here in the US. I am currently planning to attend De Anza College, people refer it as the Stanford of CCs, in order to complete fundamental course such as Calculus – Statistics and Accounting beside getting a good GRE score. As you know, int students get STEM OPT after qualifying MSF degrees. Which area of Finance would you recommend right after the MSF? I know it’s gonna be difficult for me to get into IB our of MSF without having any internships and work experience that is not related with finance. So I am thinking of making the switch/transfer after I secure a full time work experience in finance. My end goal is to have a full time position in a Private Equity Fund after all. I’d also consider UK, but not sure if it’s easy to get into PE as a non-finance undergrad. Europe tends to be more traditionalist than US in these cases, therefore my first goal is to continue here in the US.
It’s hard to answer this one because I don’t know what your options are, but if your ultimate goal is investment banking or something deal-related, try any of the common “Plan B” recommendations on this site: corporate finance at a normal company, valuation at an independent firm, corporate banking, or something at the Big 4 firms. I think you probably could get into IB after the MSF *if* you have enough relevant internship experience, such as working at a boutique IB, PE, or VC firm. Many people do off-cycle internships, finish the degree, and then move into IB as lateral hires.
Hello Brian,
Thanks for the insights! I got an offer from both Tulane University and USC for a masters in finance. Can you give me some insights into which program is better to land a job in Investment Banking in the US? I got a fellowship at Tulane, which makes the degree substantially less expensive. Furthermore, the program at Tulane would allow me to do a relevant internship prior to starting and still graduate at the same time.
Appreciate the help!
To be honest, I’m not super-familiar with either program. USC obviously ranks higher, but if the program at Tulane is much cheaper and would let you complete an internship at the same time, I would probably lean toward Tulane from a risk and cost perspective. I think you will probably have to do quite a bit more networking coming from Tulane, though.
Hi which school did you choose? I am applying to USC Marshall for MSFinance this year. Can we have a conversation?
Hello Brian, big fan of the website. I’m currently doing a Master’s in management with a specialization in finance at a european target school that will be finished in december 2023 (started in january of 2023). Did this because my bachelors was in a non target and my gpa from my bachelors was average. My gpa from my masters will be around 3.5/4. I have no previous work experience because i started my masters basically right after my bachelors which I know is an issue.
What do you recommend i should do if i want to break into IB in either new york or london? Apply for 2024 summer internships? And also, if it’s very difficult (nearly impossible) to achieve this, what can i do to get an edge?
Focus on London because NY will be very difficult unless you’re studying in the U.S. or have permission to work there. If you focus on London, you have more options available as well because off-cycle internships are more common, so you can do something like an internship during the degree, maybe try to get something else for this summer, and then use that experience to apply to banks. The timeline is also a bit slower for London, so if you can apply by August of this year, you might be able to get something for summer next year.
The standard route to getting into IB in London in a case like this is to do off-cycle internships at smaller firms and then network your way into roles at the large firms. If that doesn’t work, you could consider Plan B options like Big 4 firms, valuation, or corporate banking.
Hi,
I am Chirag Sharma from India. I am an incoming candidate for MSF at Baruch College (NYC) starting August 2023 till May 2024. I have done a Master’s in Economics and later worked with Barclays for 13 months in risk management. I developed interest in IB and wanted to pivot towards the same. For that I prepared for CFA and have cleared level 2 as well as excel and valuations course from CFI, and now coming to NYC to do my MS in Finance. Do you think with right networking and hold on technicals I’ll be able to land an internship in an IB role at a BB, MM or a Boutique bank in NYC?
Thanks!
The main issues here are:
1) You’re doing a 1-year Master’s program, so the timing for summer internships is tricky, as banks normally want you to be enrolled in school to intern at the bank. Also, 2024 summer internship recruiting is already done or mostly underway at the large banks because it starts ~1.5 years before the internship.
2) You presumably do not have permission to work in the U.S., which means you need to find a firm willing to sponsor you or take an unpaid role or something like that.
To address #1, a 2-year program or something with a different start date that would allow you to intern while in the degree would be better. Otherwise, you’ll have to go for school-year / off-cycle internships and eventually use them to win a full-time role.
For #2, work visas for international students are a huge topic that I can’t fully address here, but there are some tips here:
https://mergersandinquisitions.com/international-student-investment-banking/
You can usually find lists of banks that are more willing to sponsor international students each year if you search online. The timing is actually more of a problem because you can’t do much if you’re too late to the recruiting process.
Hi Brian,
I am from India and I have completed my Chartered accountancy degree and worked for 3 years as in intern in a big 4. After my CA degree I am currently working for 1+ years in a structuring role in a major german bank in their IB division. I am also pursuing my CFA as a L2 candidate now. I am selected at Boston College’s MS Quant Finance program which I shall complete by June’24.
I wish to transition into Front office investment banking roles, especially looking for the Summer Analyst programs on Wall Street. I had 2 questions, could you please help me out here:
1. As a MSF grad along with my CA/ CFA and past MNC experience, would it make me a competitive applicant in the job market next year, is there anything I should work towards more;
2. Most of these Summer Analyst roles require graduation between Dec’24 and Spring’25. Would I still be eligible to apply and get the jobs at these roles considering that I am finishing my degree earlier in June’24.
Looking forward for some clarity on this, would be grateful if you could please help me with this. Thanks
1) The problem is that your timing here is awkward because you’re doing a 1-year MSF program, which means you can’t complete a summer internship during the actual program. Some people do internships during the school year or before the program starts, but unless you’ve already applied to summer 2024 internships, I don’t think you can do that here because of the timing (internship recruiting starts ~1.5 years in advance in the US).
Your experience looks good, but I’m not sure the Quant Finance program is ideal for IB roles. They might look at it as too technical / not that relevant for the actual work you do in IB (Excel, PowerPoint, etc.).
So… I would recommend doing a non-quant finance program if your main goal is IB, and seeing if you can do a program that lets you complete a normal summer internship more easily.
2) No, that’s the issue I pointed out above. Recruiting starts so far in advance of summer internships in the U.S. now that these 1-year programs that begin midway through the year are a bit awkward timing-wise. Maybe see if you can change the start date.
Hi!
I have completed my bachelor’s degree in robotics and automation engineering from India (9.1 CGPA out of 10 scale) and have worked in tier 1 and Tier 2 Software development field for around 3.2 years. Now I’m very much interested in the finance and investment banking sector and would like to pursue my career in the field for my growth. Can you kindly suggest me which course would be apt for whether MS in Finance or MBA abroad? Also, my plan is to work only for about 8 to 12 years abroad and later think of settling in India itself. Kindly give me your feedback.
You should read all the coverage of India on this site because it’s a completely different market, it’s virtually impossible to get in without attending one of the top IIMs there, and in most cases, you should go abroad if you want to work in IB because there are more opportunities in the U.S. and Europe. See:
https://mergersandinquisitions.com/?s=india
If you have 3 years of work experience in software/engineering, you will probably need a top MBA to make the transition at this point. I don’t think an MSF will be enough since your experience isn’t related.
Hello Brian,
I’m a math major in my penultimate year at a top Canadian school with some internship experience in audit and tax. Unfortunately, because I got interested late in banking and how the market is so competitive in Canada, I did not win any banking internships. Also, some people I have spoken to told me that commerce and finance majors are selected over other majors. I was wondering if I should pursue a Masters program in order to break into the buy-side. I am considering either the Masters of Finance program at UToronto Rotman or the Masters of Financial Economics at UToronto (not offered by Rotman). Do you know which would be better? And do you know any other Masters programs in Canada that have good placements? My plan is to work a year or two in audit, prepare for GMAT/GRE and network like crazy, before going to a Masters program.
I would recommend reading the IB in Canada article for this one:
https://mergersandinquisitions.com/investment-banking-in-canada/
The problem is that there are many fewer buy-side roles in Canada as well, so I don’t think this plan to do an MFin program will necessarily work. I can’t say which one is better, but I don’t think you’re going to go from audit/tax internship experience into an MFin program into a private equity or even pension fund role in Canada (or one of the few hedge fund roles that exists).
I would focus instead on winning something like corporate banking, valuation, or a Big 4 TS/FDD role and using that to move into IB.
Hi Brian,
Thank you for this wonderful article. Could you advice on my situation:
I have studied electronics engineering from one of the top schools in India. I am currently working in a mid office risk management role in a budget bracket investment bank in India. I have total work experience of 1.5 years. I have also cleared CFA level 2.
Can persuing a master’s in management or masters in finance from colleges like INSEAD, LBS, HEC ,LSE,EESEC, ESCP help me break into front office investment banking?
Yes, potentially, but more so if you actually want to relocate and work in London / elsewhere in Europe. Going back to India is not a great idea because, as you know, the IB front-office market there is quite weird, with a very small number of positions, a heavy preference for the top 2 IIMs, various “fake” front-office roles etc., so it’s much harder to break into than the US or European markets.
Hi again Brian
I just posted another question, but generally could you comment on Esade vs other top business schools like LBS, lse, oxford-said? Because, from what I’ve heard, it doesn’t have as much of a placement in london. So where do most Esade graduates end up then?
Hi Brian,
I am a first class undergraduate in chemical engineering from a Russell group university, and have been accepted to Esade for an MiF and to Imperial for a masters in advanced chemical engineering. I was set on attending Esade, however after some further research and contacting various banks, I am unsure if it is even considered as a target school? Therefore, another option for me would be to apply to Lbs and lse for next year, or attend Imperial and try to get into IB/markets straight from there? What would you suggest?
I’m not sure why you’re doing a Master’s in Advanced Chemical Engineering if your goal is to win an IB or other capital markets offer. You normally want a Master’s in Finance for this type of move. And LBS, LSE, and Imperial would all be better options.
My understanding is that Esade tends to be better for S&T / markets and consulting roles than IB. It’s also better if you want to stay and work in Spain and not as good for London-based roles.
Hi Brian,
Thanks for all your insight and advice. I am due to finish my 2-year retail banking grad program at a big bank in London and graduated from Warwick Uni with a degree in management.
I want to break into IB/VC and thus heavily considering a masters in finance at LSE, LBS etc. Do you think it’s worth it to do a 1-year programme and apply for 2023 summer internships come August/September this year?
Thanks a lot.
If you can get in, yes. Warwick is more of a “semi-target” in the U.K., so your chances would be higher at a place like LSE or LBS, even after 2 years of experience.
Cheers for your content Brian it is invaluable and an absolute gem of a website.
I am in a bit of a sticky place having realised after having become a CA at a big 4 firm in audit then having laterally transferred for c3 years in tax that traditional audit/tax roles are not what I want to do long term (UK based). Since having moved into tax I’ve done really well got double promoted achieved postgrad tax qual etc and I’ve managed large teams and achieved so much but it’s not what I want.
I am totally obsessed with the proposition of using leverage to capitalise on market opportunities to generate massive returns. It’s all I can damn think about, read and watch nowadays. Structured and Leveraged finance are definitely appealing but feel like I’ll get too much in the details of doing complex credit rating models/pricing as opposed to actually managing a business to turn them into something marvellous using debt as a lever. So PE seems to be the golden point between the two. My dream is to get into PE (cue eye ball roll) but I’m willing to do whatever it takes (fully acknowledge that might not be enough).
So, bearing in mind my current situation I’m pushing extremely hard internally at my big 4 firm for a lateral shift into M&A lead advisory or possibly TS and I think I have a very good shot of getting in within the next few months.
After 1 year in TS/M&A I’ll have a tenable resume for firms to consider me, pushing my networking/cold calling etc to the absolute max to get into boutique PE firms but recognise “how am I any different to other candidates?” And I will really need a wow factor and something to differentiate myself to show I can be part of a small investment team.
Now the kicker comes whether it’s worth adding a Masters in Finance (part time) at LBS to the mix to sweeten my chances. I could start in September this year if I got in and keep working in my TS/M&A big 4 role at the same time. By the time I finish I would have had 2.5 years in M&A. I feel like this would put me onto solid footing for an associate role at a really small PE firm as the connections you make and opportunity for internships is really solid at LBS within the City I’m led to believe.
If PE didn’t work despite all my efforts and my MIF I could continue to stay at M&A at Big4 or move to a more boutique IB at some point which is not such a bad outcome. Alternatively I could enter into a corp development role or in house industry M&A specialist type role.
I guess my main questions are 1.) Am I missing something here that’s really painfully obvious to you; 2.) Is it worth spending the £50k on a MIF for the opportunity to get into PE? Maybe even if I didn’t get into PE I’d be opening up enough opportunities to score highly career wise and financially within the City? And finally 3.) Can you foresee any other career paths I could leverage given my trajectory and plan?
I don’t really think a Master’s degree is worth it unless you went to an unknown university for undergrad and are doing this degree to make up for it. I’m not sure how it would help you move from a Big 4 firm into PE eventually since you could probably already get into an M&A-related role at the Big 4 firm. I think it makes more sense to move to TS/M&A where you’re currently at and then recruit for IB/PE/related roles from there. You may need IB to have a decent chance at PE, but it’s a bit different in the UK/Europe, and recruitment out of the Big 4 is sometimes more common. You could also go for corporate development roles directly and probably have a higher chance of getting in there. But the key to all of this is switching into the TS/M&A role first.
Cheers Brian. That’s exactly what I’m planning on doing. It’s difficult to emphasise how helpful your website has been. Take care.
Hi Brian,
I have a 4-year Engineering degree in Computer science from India and working for an technology firm for past 6 years. I have been working with an investment banking client for past 5 years and gained some financial knowledge during the same. I am currently a CFA level 3 candidate and looking to pursue Masters in Finance. Can you please guide me if pursuing MSF degree would help me in getting a job in investment bank and which university I can target. I am open for any location.
I don’t think it’s going to help because you have too much full-time work experience already, so you wouldn’t qualify for Analyst roles. You would probably need an MBA in Europe or the U.S. to have a good chance of getting into IB at this stage.
Hey Brian,
Awesome article! I’m looking for some advice on the best course of action to take. I’ve currently been accepted to a few MSF programs mentioned in the article you linked here (UT Dallas, U Houston, possibly Tampa), however they are not tip top programs that have major ties to banks and other financial institutions. My first question is out of these three, do you have a preference? Have you heard good things about any of these programs’ exit ops? Also, once I’m in one of these programs, do you have any advice on what I could do to increase my chances? Just for color, I’m really not going to be picky about what I do, just that I want to be in the actual field of finance (banking, trading, etc.) and not corporate finance. Appreciate any help you could give me!
Sorry, I can’t comment on those 3 specific programs, as I’m not familiar with the specifics. But if the top banks don’t recruit at them, I wouldn’t recommend them for career-change purposes into IB. I would recommend searching for alumni on LinkedIn and seeing where they work.
Hi Brian,
I am a Corporate Banking Executive in México trying to land to IB, my background is an economist from a top mexican university with regular grades (3.0/4.0). Which is best for me an MBA or MSF? I want to move to Toronto as financial center or Mexico City
I’m not really sure what you’re asking. If you’re *currently* working in corporate banking, I don’t think you need an MBA or MSF to transition into IB. It’s fairly common for people in CB to move into IB in related groups, like the capital markets teams, because there’s a lot of overlap with CB. So… my answer would be “neither one” unless you believe you need one of these for some reason, such as having too much work experience to get into IB directly (which I’m not sure of because I don’t know how much experience you have had).
Hello,
I am an undergraduate student at a semi-target canadian business school. I am majoring in Finance. I have previously interned at well known banks like BMO and will soon be interning at RBC Capital Markets in Sales & Trading. I plan to work for a year in S&T, but am well aware of the exit opps and hence want to do a Masters in the U.S. which will position me well for IB/PE. I want to stay in North America and preferably work in NYC after my Masters. I was having some trouble finding good programs. Do you have any suggestions? – I am targeting schools like Georgetown and Yale, but am not sure on how good the programs are. I would really appreciate some guidance.
Based on what I have read thus far on M&I – given my background, I would benefit a lot from a Masters.
I don’t know, I don’t think a Master’s will necessarily benefit you. If you’re at RBC or BMO in S&T, you should be able to transfer from one of those to IB directly if you do so quickly enough. A Master’s is most helpful if you couldn’t win a front-office role at a large bank the first time around and need more time / a better brand to get in. I would only bother if you cannot work full-time at one of those and then transfer internally.
Hi Brian,
I am 30 year old and have recently started working as an Associate in a mid-cap Investment Bank in India (front-end ECM) and thinking about pursuing a Masters in Finance in US. Previously I have worked at a managerial role in commercial banking for 2.5 years (selected in a nationwide exam among top 2000 out of 2 mn candidates) and pursued MBA from one of the top 5 Indian bschools. I have a low overall gpa of 2.5 and last term gpa 3.7 (MBA). I also have won international & domestic case competitions. I am looking for Investment banking roles and will appreciate of you can advise on the kind of schools I should target or any other route I may focus on? Thanks in advance!
I’m not sure I have anything to add over the schools recommended in this article… just look up the top universities for Master’s in Finance programs. Banks tend to recruit at the same places year after year, so use those lists and cross-reference it with placement stats from the school.
Hello Brian,
Hope you’re doing well. I am an Indian and working in a back-office role (accounting) in a European bank (BB) in the IBD (ECM and M&A). I want to get into front office role in London and as a result planning to take an MSc finance or related course from a target uni in London – LSE, Oxford, UCL, ICL.
I currently have 1.5 years of exp. in this role and another one year in an IT MNC. I’m a CFA level 3 candidate and due to take the exam in Nov 2021. I already have a Bachelor of Engineering degree in Information Tech. and an MBA.
Can you please suggest the best plan to go about this?
Thank you in advance!
The key is to get internship experience before/during the MSc so that you can reasonably recruit for IB roles. That usually starts by interning at local boutique firms. The CFA may help you a bit since you’re changing careers (kind of), but to be competitive for the top banks, you’ll need at least one internship in IB/PE/VC.
Dear Brian,
Allow me to introduce myself and try give you an overview of my current status. I am an incoming student in the MiF Program at IE Business school starting next September I am currently working in an Egyptian Private Equity firm with 1 year of internship and 1 year of fulltime experience, and my ultimate career goal one day is to be working in development finance, either through development focused PE in MENA region or DFIs like EBRD/IFC/ AfDB/ CDC. I assume the best path to this is either IB in a top company then do PE or DFI, or maybe hopefully get into boutique and middle market PE shops directly, or DFI and settle there or Consulting at a top firm then doing PE or development finance.
To further elaborate, my concerns revolve around two main parts; being non-EU citizen and low undergraduate GPA” I graduated from a top national university majoring in civil engineering but with very low GPA, 2.36 in our local system, which is around 73% and I passed CFA level 1. From what I learned for the application process for jobs and internships, I should be applying starting next July throughout November/December, to get recruited in Summer 2022 either for internship or a job, Given that during this application window, I wont have any transcripts/ proof of academic progress or excellence in terms of GPA from IE to apply with, this means I will be applying with my undergraduate GPA, right? If so, this is kind of a problem because how can I pass the screening process for major IB internships/ graduate programs given my low GPA? What is the best approach to overcome this hurdle?
On a side note, given that I am a non-EU citizen I would face hardship applying in Europe, so I mainly target the following in the MENA region especially Dubai:
• IB in Dubai, including Bulge Brackets and Elite Boutiques.
• Boutique and Middle Market Private Equity firms in MENA region.
• DFIs in the whole region or Europe.
• Financial/ strategy consulting.
what would you recommend to be my approach to getting into BB/EB IB in Dubai or Europe” given that I am non EU”? is it doable with my undergrade GPA, even if I scored super well at IE?
Stay safe.
Regards,
All you can really do about your GPA at this point is to list standardized test scores or anything else that shows your academic potential in a better light on your CV. But it matters a bit less if you’re at a top university and have private equity work experience.
As far as being a non-EU citizen, yes, it will make it more difficult to find internships and full-time jobs, but I’m not familiar with the work visa process there so can’t comment on the specifics. It is smarter to aim for MENA roles with your background, though. I would recommend networking with people in those regions/offices now and then applying ASAP when applications open (it’s a bit later in your region, but still probably the August or September time frame).
Do you think, as a profile, i could fit the Elite Boutique IB critiera in MENA region? How could I make my chances better?
Is it easier to get into DFI or Strategy Consulting than IB for example?
When applying to the openings when applications open, should I state my undergrad GPA? or remove it and maybe put expected GPA at IE?
Yes, potentially. Yes, other fields like strategy consulting are easier than IB. You can’t just remove your undergrad GPA, but you can list your GPA so far in the Master’s program or expected grades. All you can do to improve your chances are gain more work experience and network.
Hello Brian,
My background is a final year medical student here in the UK. I have not got any relevant finance experience. I am at Kings College London, with a one year intercalated degree in Management from Imperial, taken midway through medical school (very common to do).
Due to the the lack of internships I was thinking of applying for a two year masters in management at LSE/LBS and utilise the name. This would give me time hopefully to get internships as a penultimate year student in Year 1, and then again in Year 2. I think it would be difficult/impossible in a one year course. I understand that a masters in finance is preferable, but most are only 1 year.
I am considering taking the CFA Level 1 exam, so that in September/October I can at least have something relevant to finance on my CV. The aim was then to get as much finance based experience in my first year of the masters.
Any advice would hugely appreciated.
Thanks Brian!
Yes, a 2-year program is a good idea. Also see: https://mergersandinquisitions.com/medical-school-to-investment-banking/
Will a msf help for equity research jobs?
Depends completely on your background pre-MSF. It’s most helpful for career changers or those who got a late start in the recruiting process in undergrad.
I know you said it’s pointless to get a MBA unless if you go to a top school for investment banking but for equity research are they more lenient towards the msf? Or do you have to go to a top school for an msf?
The issue with equity research is that there’s very little on-campus / on-cycle recruiting to begin with, so you need to do most of the work yourself. A top school always helps, but it’s not necessarily as useful for ER because you’ll have to network a lot anyway.
Hi Brian,
Will be graduating this year. Based in London, planning to work (in very unrelated field) for a year or two to finance a masters. I have previous IBD Summer experience. Will I be eligible to apply for summer internships before I start the masters or not given I will have graduated from my undergraduate? Seems to be conflicting information on this.
Thanks
It depends on the length and start date of the Master’s degree. You usually need to be “enrolled” in school to apply for summer internships, summer internship applications usually open in August or September in EMEA. So you might be able to apply right before or as the program begins.
Hi Brian,
I am 24 years old, graduated with a BBA (specialised in Accounting & Finance) from one of the top-ranked BBA institutes in India with a CGPA of 7/10 (I know, not amazing and I regret it). In my last semester of undergrad (end of 2017), I passed Level 1 of CFA partly to try and paper over the cracks of my average GPA and partly to embolden my interest in finance on paper. Then after graduation, I worked for a few months in Delhi in a “middle-office” (operations) role for a FinTech firm based in the US. It wasn’t the most amazing role but I took it because I was getting paid well, the work environment was great and the firm was growing at a rapid pace (I will try to explain this in a better way to any potential adcom/recruiters). At this time I was not that keen or motivated to work in IB, I was happy in any role broadly in the finance industry.
Due to a family emergency just 4-5 months into me working at this firm in late 2018, I had to quit and join the family business. That emergency requirement has now been taken care of, and I want to pursue my career in IB in India, this time with renewed vigor and focus. For this purpose, I am considering doing an MSF from a college in Europe. (The family business does not have the prestige of a known company, but I do have some quantifiable achievements that I can talk about.)
I’ve taken up enough of your time with my life story already, but would really appreciate if you could offer your insight into the following:
1. I have read all your India-specific articles and know that most IB recruitment here in India is from the top IIMs and IITs, but what if I get some relevant experience after this degree in the form of an internship in Europe before I return to India?
2. If not that, then will the MSF coupled with some networking not allow me to land at least an internship in IB in India, after which I might be able to land a full-time role? If not a bulge bracket, then at least at a boutique.
3. If both of the above are unlikely, then will the MSF at least land me a decent job in finance which could be a stepping stone to IB? A role in equity research, corporate finance, or one such as valuations/transaction advisory/M&A for the big 4 (or any other that you’d suggest – maybe a startup-focused IB?) It only makes sense to do the MSF if it can at least get me a stepping stone to break in (because with my current profile, I don’t think getting even such a job is possible.)
4. If point 3 above is also not a great option, then maybe it just makes more sense to try and get into one of the IIMs. It’s just that it has a much lower chance of success than getting into a decent MSF school (if you don’t ace the exam you wait another year), and is a longer time commitment (2 year course), so I am wary and want to avoid that option if possible.
Would be grateful to know your thoughts.
1) I don’t think it will matter because they still want people from a few specific schools in India. If you do a European MSF, recruit in Europe.
2) Maybe? I don’t know because I haven’t collected any stories from people who have made this move. You generally have higher chances in the region where you got the degree.
3) Potentially, yes, Big 4 is probably the highest-probability one.
4) I don’t know, I think MSF in Europe –> Recruit for banks in the U.K. or elsewhere in Europe is more logical if you can do it (not sure what’s currently happening with work visas there).
I am currently a junior at a top 10 university who has decided that IB is what they want to do. I am majoring in Neuroscience and was previously premed, and so all of my extracurriculars including my summer activities tailored around this and Nuero Research. I’d really like to work in IB and so I’m wondering what is the best way to go about this. Should I just shoot my shot and apply this fall for full time, or should I go and get a masters in economics after school and go from there. Any advice is appreciated!!
You do not have a realistic chance of winning full-time IB offers if you’re just getting started now. So your options are:
1) Aim for roles in a related field, like the Big 4, corporate banking, corporate finance, valuations, etc. and then move into IB from there. But these will also be tough if you have absolutely nothing business-related.
2) Do a Master’s degree and use the extra time to win finance-related internships and leverage them to interview at the large banks.
Hi Brian,
I am a mechanical engineer from India and have an MSF (STEM) admit to USC. I have worked in a top tech company for 1 year and am currently working in a fintech (Mortgage) in the operations department. I am a complete beginner with very little knowledge of finance and what I want to pursue in the future and in the field. As a prospective student to USC-MSF, any advice on how to prepare myself for the course within the 6 months I have before joining (Recommended books/courses/next steps) would be greatly appreciated. Also, what should I keep in mind while at university to better my chances of getting placed?
I think you need to decide which specific area of finance you want to pursue first because the path into IB/PE is very different from the one into quant finance, and that’s also quite different from the one into corporate finance at normal companies. There’s no point preparing or studying until you know which job you want to pursue.
Hi Brian, thank you for the insights and amazing article. I am curious as to what your thoughts are for getting into Private Equity (preferably) or another buy-side role after completing a rotational program in Sales and Trading. With overall 2-3 years experience at a top bank in front office. Would an MBA or Masters in Finance be necessary to make the switch to buy-side? And what are your thoughts for doing this switch from North America to Europe?
It is very difficult to go from S&T to PE. You would probably need to move into IB or a related group at the bank first. An MBA might help a bit, but you will need some type of deal-related experience such as a pre-MBA internship to go along with it. North America to Europe is tricky unless you have family/connections/residency rights there as well as language skills.
Hi
I am a student from India. My background is a 3 year undergraduate degree plus a 2 year masters degree in banking & finance. I am applying for the MS Finance program in a few state schools in the United States for the Fall 2021 term. My interests lie in Investment Banking and Financial Analysis. Will an MS Finance help me? I do not have internship experience, so would like to know if international students have the option of going for a pre-MSF internship that is suggested in your article above. It would be really great if you could respond. Thank you.
You might be able to get an unpaid pre-MSF internship, but probably not anything paid/official if you don’t have a work visa. MSF programs can lead to good full-time IB roles if you use them effectively, but the rules are a bit different for international students: https://mergersandinquisitions.com/international-student-investment-banking/
Hi, sir. Incredible article, I must say. Sir, I did my undergrad degree in finance and marketing, and graduated with a GPA of 3.56. My undergrad school is 3rd in Pakistan by rank. Sir, after graduating, I joined my father’s construction business, which was struggling at that time, and I was meant to lend a hand. Sir, I’ve been working construction sector for the last three, and I oversee the financial aspects of the company, and I’ve made significant leaps in putting financial practices in place since joining – things that have led to increased productivity and efficiency, and better decision making. Sir, I want to pursue a MSc in Finance from LSE ideally. I scored a 680 (Q48,V34) in the GMAT. Sir, the reason I want to pursue MSc in Finance is because I had always planned to make a career finance, and joining construction was not by choice. Now, I want to go after my passion to work in finance. I am finding it hard to explain to the adcoms, through my Personal Statement, as to why I want to shift from my father’s business to finance. Sir, could you please guide me as to whether my situation is uncommon, how can I best explain my motivations to pursue finance now, and what are my chances of getting into LSE for a master in finance. I shall be extremely grateful to you for taking the time out and attending my queries.
We don’t advise on admissions consulting on this site, so I would recommend finding a specialist in that area and asking for their services.
I’m in a master’s program at a target school in the US. For the investment banking internship offers I see, they tend to list enrollment in an undergraduate program as a requirement. Any knowledge on whether that means they’ll automatically reject master’s candidates? Or any advice on which banks have been known to offer internships to master’s candidates?
Thanks!
I would not pay attention to those requirements because they also offer internships to Master’s students. And you lose nothing by applying/networking anyway.
I have secured a grad role in operations at a top 5 Asset management firm. Would it be worth a Finance Masters after 2 years to break in to IB
Yes.
Thanks for the advices
I am an international student who wants to apply for MSF in UK but I can not afford LSE or Imperial. so I choose somewhere near to London so I can make my network. I have accounting background and exactly want to switch from audit to IB. I would be appreciated if you drop your opinion for my case and tell me do I have a chance to win an IB position in London?
I can’t say without knowing your background information, such as previous work experience, grades/academic results, and so on.
Hi Brian,
I really appreciate you taking time to respond.
I completed my graduation with BBA (Bachelor’s in Business Administration, 3 years grad programme) in India , worked in an investment advisory start up for 15 months. I’m now 24 years old planning to study Masters in Finance or Investment Banking (if it is available) in USA or Germany. I am preparing for GMAT and will be giving my test in a month.
On a Long term base, I am planning to do my PhD as well.
Can you suggest me if I should take integrated masters+PhD programme in USA or do Masters in Europe and pursue PhD later..?
Alongside, I want to have a career in IB post my masters. Which masters should I choose to secure my place in IB Industry..?
Thanks in advance
You should not complete a Ph.D. at all if your goal is investment banking. It will only hurt you. A Master’s in Finance from a top school will help with recruiting for IB roles in the U.S. and Europe, so that is the best plan.
Hi Brian,
I recently graduated from a top UC school (UCSD) as a regents scholar (full-ride/most prestigious scholarship) with a degree in public health. I was in the process of studying for the MCAT when I realized that I really hated the idea of practicing medicine and enjoyed learning more about finance (which was a big side hobby I had). Now I want to pivot into investment banking but obviously that’s near impossible with a public health BS from a non-target school. I’m currently studying for the GMAT and applying to the top 10 MSF programs. Am I on the right path? Do you have any suggestions? Do I have a chance?
Thanks Brian
Yes, that is main option if you haven’t entered or graduated from medical school yet. Another option might be to work in some type of healthcare/finance-related role for a few years and do a top MBA program.
Hello! I am currently a Bachelor in Science Mathematics major at a non-target school. I graduate in 3 months and would love to pursue a career in CF or IB. I have no internship or finance experience, though I have been looking into an MSF program at a top-ten school. Have you heard of Wall Street Mastermind (WSMM)? They claim to be able to land me a job in one of these areas, but I still have no experience. WSMM costs $6800 and they have worked with people who are in very similar situations to me. What do you suggest at this point?
So, you should never pay $6800 for any service that claims to offer “guaranteed jobs.” That does not exist unless you know the CEO or someone very senior at the firm, or your family member is the CEO of an important pre-IPO company or something like that. If you’ve already graduated from a non-target with no internship experience, your options are:
1) Apply for and attend a top MSF program, get in, do an internship in a relevant area, and network like crazy.
2) Work in another industry for a few years and use an MBA to get in.
Hello Brian,
I am a Junior majoring in Finance and have recently realized that I will be able to graduate in 3 years because of High School AP credits. My school has an accelerated Masters in Finance Program that I can start earning credit towards a MSF with an Analytics concentration, so I’d be able to graduate in 4 with a masters degree. I still want the full 4 year college experience, and I want more time to have an IB internship and network with more banks. Do you think that this is a good path to take? Or do you think it would be better to pursue a double major in something like accounting or Econ?
Also, I am having trouble representing this plan on my resume and on our schools career recruiting site because I am now technically a “senior” rather than a junior and I am worried this could affect my acceptance on internship applications. Any tips on how to best exemplify my plan of degree in 3 and masters afterwards on my resume?
Also currently going through the paid BIWS guides for 2020 and they are the most comprehensive guides I have found to date. Appreciate what you do and keep it up! Thanks
Thanks. The problem is that recruiting, at least for IB roles, now starts so early that even if you stay in school for another year, there aren’t many summer 2021 opportunities left because recruiting for them began months ago.
So, if you haven’t yet completed the relevant internships, you’ll need to stay in school for 5 years (or at least 4.5 years) to make this work.
You should follow whichever plan will let you stay in school for just over 4 years. If you can stretch the Master’s degree out that long, that’s the best option. Otherwise, maybe add a double major. If you do that, you can then also label yourself a younger student to avoid internship application problems.
Hi Brian,
I just finished my CS degree in the UK. I would like to in the Investment Banking Division in the US. Would you recommend me to do a Master in Finance Degree or work a few years and pursue a MBA. I heard that in the US they prefer an MBA over a Masters in Finance Degree.
What is your goal? Are you trying to enter right away, or very soon, as an Analyst? If so, do the MSF.
If you want to work in another industry for a few years and then enter as an Associate, do the MBA.
Hi Brian,
I have interned with a regional BB this summer and I am wondering if I did my internship during my senior summer after graduation, can I join the firm straight away if I obtain a return offer? Or do I have to go to MSF and return after 1 year?
I’m not sure how you completed a summer internship if you already graduated (??), but most of the time banks expect you to return next year if you win a full-time offer. Sometimes they let you join early, but not necessarily right after the internship ends.
Hi Brian,
I am currently studying Computer Science in Trinity College Dublin. Trinity College Dublin is a semi-target school for Investment Banks in the UK. My degree is a 4 years Bachelors Degree in Computer Science with a Optional Masters Degree in Computer Science which would increase my course length to 5 years. If I choose to do the Optional Masters Degree I would have to do a full-time internship for half of my 4th year (December – September). I am also planning to pursue a Masters degree in one of the main target schools in the UK such as LSE, Oxford and Imperial to further increase my chances of getting a job as an Investment Analyst. Do you think I should do the Optional Master Degree and then do a Masters in Finance Degree since I will be gaining valuable work experience through this way, or should I just do my Bachelors Degree and then do a Masters in Finance Degree? I would also like to know the chances of me getting a job as a Investment Analyst if I just pursue my Bachelors and Masters in Computer Science in Trinity College Dublin without doing a Masters in Finance Degree?
Just do the Bachelors Degree and then the Master’s Finance Degree and complete internships during the summers or other break periods. There’s no point completing two Master’s degrees. Winning a job as an investment analyst depends more on your work experience than your degree. If you have finance-related internships, you can do it, especially if you go to a quant fund or something else that uses the CS skill set.
Hi Brian!
I am 1 year into my post-MBA job in the IB Team of a large Management Consulting (MC) firm, and would like to make a move to pure play IB at a BB or EB. (I got into MC because my employer said I could do M&A Advisory as well as MC). I did my Summer Associate internship at an EB, but didn’t get the offer as I did it in Europe, where they don’t hire MBAs straight out of school. Also, I have a Small-Cap M&A background. Modeling and running the process is my bread and butter.
From your experience, is doable to make a transition into IB post-MBA with a pit stop in MC?
Have you seen such kind of profiles before?
Or would I have to do a MSF or maybe a Master of Law (with a focus on Banking Law) to make that transition happen?
I haven’t seen that move (MC to IB following an MBA) very much before, but it may be possible if you have previous IB experience. I don’t think another degree is worthwhile – just use networking to win interviews at banks.
Hi Brian,
I am currently studying Computer Science in Trinity College Dublin. Trinity is the most reputable college in Ireland and it is also a semi-target school for Investment Banks in the UK. I am planning to pursue a Masters degree in one of the main target schools in the UK such as LSE, Oxford and Imperial to further increase my chances of getting a job as an Analyst. The problem is that I am unsure on whether to get a Masters degree in Finance or Computer Science. The main reason why I want to pursue a Masters in Computer Science is just incase I don’t get any offers as a Investment Banking Analyst, I could easily find a job as a software engineer in any big tech company such as Google or Microsoft. I have also read online that a Masters in Computer Science would be a fantastic choice for investment banking analyst since you will learn analytical thinking skills through this degree. So do you think I should pursue a Master in Computer Science or follow the traditional route of doing a Masters in Finance?
You should do the Master’s degree in Finance or banks will be skeptical of your plans. An undergraduate degree in CS is already fine for winning most tech jobs, and tech jobs are easier to win than IB roles anyway.
Do you think I should pursue a MBA or a Masters in Finance Degree?
Hi Brian,
I am an American wanting to find a job in Europe. I believe my best shot at this is to shoot for an investment banking position, most likely in London.
I have been accepted into the MSF programs at IE, ESADE, EDHEC, and Henley Business School.
My background: Attended a non-target school majoring in Finance, Accounting, and Int’l Business, graduated in 2019 with a 3.2 GPA. My internships include an accounting position at a small business in London during my semester abroad and an Investment Operations Internship at WF Securities. For the last year, I’ve been working as an accountant for UHG.
My questions are:
1. To find a job/internship, Is a better to go to a non-target school in the UK (Henley) where I will be eligible to stay and work in the UK without sponsorship for up to 2 years after graduation, or go to one of the better target schools in another European country and hope to get sponsorship from a BB firm?
2. Since I am not able to make it to Europe until the Fall, what should I do in the mean time in terms of recruitment?
3. Is my prior work experience relevant enough for a position at a BB firm? What are my options if this is not the case?
1) It’s better to attend a target school in another European country.
2) Try to get some other type of off-cycle or informal internship that’s relevant to IB. There are many examples on this site.
3) I would say “borderline.” You should try to get some other type of internship before/during the MSF program to improve your chances.
Hi Brian,
One of your students here.
27 years old from Spain
– Non-target business graduate
– 2 years in a Trade Finance middle office at JPM Madrid
– 1 year doing at Colliers CF advising RE PE on the acquisition of bank’s NPL credit portfolios
– Took a gap year
– 6months M&A FIG internship at a top MM in Spain (thanks to your superb FIG course btw). This internship will end in August (no FT offer possible due to Covid)
– I will be sitting CFA level III in December
Having said this.. what’s the best option to shoot for an BB M&A position(FIG is fine too).
I’m considering:
– Study CFA exam until
December with no distractions, practice more financial modeling, and start a masters in Finance next year (such as IE MiF), but once I had finished it (April 2022) that would mean I’ll be close to 28 years old, which makes me feel a bit old to break in… Also, although I have very relevant finance experience, I kind of feel I’m getting over-experienced in order to land either an internship or a FT offer at a BB…
So.. Would a master in finance help getting FT offers or should I pass? should I try directly an MBA instead?
– Should I network and keep looking for other IB offers in boutiques and then try a lateral move?
– Try getting any other job (such as a big4 transactions roles) and apply for the masters or MBA in the meanwhile (however, taking this option makes me feel like I’m getting too experienced)
– Any other suggestion?
(Also Brian, I wanted to ask you: do banks place everyone as 1st year analysts after finishing a MiF or do they take into account prior experience in order to place new hirings as 2nd-3rd year analysts?)
Many thanks in advance!
Honestly, I think you might need an MBA to have a good shot at this point. The problem with a Master’s degree is that you usually get hired as an Analyst out of the program, but you already have several years of work experience, so you’re a bit overqualified for the role.
Even if they consider you as a 2nd or 3rd year Analyst, you might still have “too much experience” for that.
I’m not sure that gaining additional work experience, such as in Big 4 transaction roles, will help because you’ve already done an M&A internship at an actual investment bank.
I don’t necessarily think you’re too old to break in, but a 1-year MBA makes more sense than a Master’s because you’re a better candidate for post-MBA Associate roles.
You could also keep networking and try to win offers at other banks, and that may work as well because you already have the IB experience. The risk is that you’ll spend time doing it but not get good results, especially if the hiring market stays depressed due to the pandemic (whereas an MBA would at least result in more time for things to return to normal).
Hi Brian,
Just wanted to say thank you. After many years trying, and two years since this message, I’ve finally made it. Although I seriously considered your advice regarding doing an MBA, I decided to do a masters in finance at IE. Last week, on the very last day of the masters, I got an internship offer at Evercore Madrid. After interviewing in many other places, I made it on which was to me the hardest hiring process of them all (8 interviews). Thanks to studying over and over all the guides and advice you have in the courses. I will surely keep using them to improve further my skills.
Thank you again Brian
Congrats! Glad to hear it.
Hi Brian, I’m in a particular situation. I figured out about banking late and I went to a low reputation California state school. I wasn’t able to get into banking, so I double majored to give it another try, and to have enough units to transition into banking from public accounting. Again, came up empty handed, and no finance internships either. I have offers at firms, audit from big 4 and advisory from MM. Since I won’t be working 90 hr weeks I started an online business. It’s not a tech idea so I can’t get VC funding but I’m pretty confident in our positioning and strategy. It’s at a point now where I know I’ll need funding. At the same time, I’ve recently applied to an MS Finance degree online part time, which if I get into I’d like to know how best to leverage it. I’ve been cold emailing banks but I should’ve been cold calling, it’s where I shine most. I’d like to be able to email you more on the topic, maybe share my business site. I need some two cents from someone Brain. I’m hoping that someone is you. Thanks.
Following up on my last comment. To be more specific, I’d like to know how best to transition into banking. Should I start cold calling now, or should I wait after a few years, make a switch into TAS, receive my MSF and then make the transition. I don’t know if just start cold calling now and maybe landing a boutique shop role is better, as it’s already banking, or if I should wait until I’ve gotten a few years, and my MSF then push for it. I was just planning on doing both but I could use some feedback. Thanks.
The best strategy is always to get in ASAP rather than working in another field first and then moving in. So, start cold emailing/calling smaller firms now to line up some type of internship. But, again, you really need to decide if you want to do that or focus on your business because it will be difficult to do both.
Feel free to reply to one of our newsletters if you want to submit questions via email. But I think you need to decide what you want to do first. You can’t really make an all-out effort to go for IB roles if you’re also running a business on the side. If that business already has traction and sales, you should probably just stick with it and grow.
Hi Brian,
I am currently a rising sophomore interested in breaking into investment banking. I attend a non-target school, but came in with a lot of credits from high school. If I continue with just my major in Finance, I can graduate at the end of my third year. However, my school offers a MSF that I can take during my “fourth” year. Or I can pick up a second business-related major (like accounting), which would push my Bachelors completion back to the usual fourth year. My question is: do you think it would be better to complete the MSF (from non-target school, same as undergrad) or pick up a second major?
*I am doing everything I can to get finance-related internships and am aiming for a summer internship at a BB investment bank the summer after my third year (where I would hopefully get a return offer)
Probably get the second major so that you have the option of doing the MSF at a target school in the future if you need it to make a change.
Hi Brian,
I’m a UK economics graduate from Newcastle University. I currently hold masters offers for Durham (MSc Management Finance), Newcastle (Finance MSc) and a few other finance-related MSc programmes.
Given that Durham is the only school that could be considered top/among the target schools in the UK, would you recommend me taking the Management Finance course over a finance degree at a lower-tier University? The Management Finance course is rank 5th in the UK (higher than pure finance), and also contains relevant modules such as corporate finance and finance fundamentals.
In the time leading up to the start date, I plan to network and cold call/email IB/PE/CF firms to see if they will take me on for a summer internship/work placement. Please let me know which masters if any, you think I should accept.
Thank you and have a good day!
Additional information: Interned at PwC and SME Wealth Management.
I responded to your other comment, but yes, Durham is still probably the best bet here since it’s at least a semi-target in the UK. If you don’t currently have a full-time job or internship lined up elsewhere, it makes sense to stay in school for now, even if it’s “online” or some type of hybrid model.
Thanks so much, Brian. I really appreciate both of your replies (to this and the other comment). All the best!
Hey Brian… thank you for posting this highly relevant article. I am a 2018 Undergrad. I have two years of work exp at a big 4 in Accouting… I am 25 years old. I got a summer internship at a top pension fund in the strategy group prior to staring the MFE program at Oxford. I really want to do IBanking or PE in Toronto. I am wondering if I should skip the MFE just network for an IB/PE analyst role or if I should just focus on the internship at Pension Fund, secure a full time first then once I am in the fund full time network my way to lateral into a PE role at the fund. Again lots of variables here – like actually landing a full-time offer. Or do you think I should skip the whole internship experience and go hunting for full time opportunities. Thoughts?
In addition to the above question, and independent of the above. I am very curious to hear what you think about doing an MFE and an MBA. I want to do a top MBA at HSW later (when I am 28) was wondering if my chances for a top MBA will decrease given I am doing the MFE. Should I skip the MFE entirely and save out for the MBA?
I think it will be tough to network your way from a pension fund role into IB/PE, so the MFE is probably a better idea. It’s always easier to get into those fields via an internship converted into a full-time offer.
An MFE + MBA seems pointless if you are already in one of those industries by then. An MBA is only useful for career changers who want to get into IB or consulting and do not have other pathways.
Hello Brian,
Just wanted to start off by saying that it’s really cool that you respond to so many of your audiences and I really enjoy reading your “cut to the chase” articles.
Now, this comment you wrote is exactly my situation “You majored in biology, worked in a lab for 1-2 years, and you’re going to apply to MSF programs to make a career change into banking. You were not interested in banking until you started working full-time and got bored with your job. ” However, I am majoring in Chemistry.
I will be finishing my degree with a GPA of 3.3 (Expected Fall 2020). My current situation holds some problems. My GPA will be in the cutoff for BB summer internships and I do not have a related degree to apply anyways. Likewise, due to the current situation all my networking and case competitions have been cancelled. If I am looking at the situation all wrong, I am always open to criticisms.
Nevertheless, my next best solution to give me a fighting chance was to start studying for the GMAT to offset my low GPA and apply for MSF in Canada. I will always attempt to apply for the BB IBs, but my main objective is to apply for boutique firms as their summer internship programs are offered for students who will be graduating from either a Undergrad or Masters in Finance (or related degree) in the following year. This is an effort to gain experience and to apply for the larger IBs in the future.
So, I am asking given this situation would attempting a MSF be a bad idea ? I don’t have enough work experience to apply for an MBA and I worry at my age of 23, that I will start getting to old to apply for one as usually they are looking for a minimum of 2 years.
Very eager to here your feedback.
Regards,
J
I would definitely not do an MBA at this point. An MSF might be helpful, but it depends on what type of boutique internship you can get on your own. If you do not think you can reasonably get anything, then yes, the MSF makes sense, though you are taking a risk if this crisis drags on for another year or more. But if you are set on IB, it’s still your best option unless you can win off-cycle IB internships in some other way (which will be difficult if you haven’t done any finance internships before).
Hello Brian,
I just graduated from Florida State University with a 3.7 GPA with a Bachelors in Finance. Heavily interested in IB late in the game (end of Junior Year) Last summer luckily got a PE internship at a boutique but in sort of a limbo and looking at MSF programs. I applied to Vanderbilts MSF earlier this year and did not get in unfortunately due to my GMAT score (very Bad). Was wondering if you had any insight on USC MSF program (of is it worth it?) because what is throwing me off on it is that its 1.5 years which is not the most ideal but structured with room to take on an Internship for summer 2021 and then FT in summer 2022. But the thing thats intriguing me more is that now is the time to apply since all schools are waiving test scores due to COVID-19.
So main question is for someone in my position, A. should i still pursue MSF and B. if i go through USCs program will I qualify for Large Bank Summer Internships if i’m considered a Masters Student. Because I have talked to peers saying they exclusively only take “rising seniors in Undergrad. And if thats the case I might as well wait a year Up my GMAT score and reapply to Vandy that is in similar rankings in terms of IB success.
Do not know much about the USC program, sorry. West Coast programs are trickier to categorize because most finance recruiting is based around NY. If you can’t find solid placement data for USC, it seems like a better idea to apply to Vanderbilt again and improve your GMAT score.
If you believe this report, though, 24% of 2018 graduates accepted IB offers… so who knows: https://www.marshall.usc.edu/sites/default/files/2019-05/MSF-Class-of-2018-Employment-Report.pdf
Hi Brian.
Thanks for the article.
I’m considering an MFIN degree in Toronto Canada at Queens’ and was wondering what your thoughts are on the program, which can be completed while working.
I am a professional Engineer in Canada, a CFA Level 3 exam candidate, and have recently retired from a 4 year career as a Canadian National Team athlete. I have a Masters of Engineering (4.0) and Bachelors of Engineering (3.0) in Mining Engineering from a top Canadian school, and have been completing the BIWS financial modelling courses as well. Also completed numerous licencing courses and the education requirements for the CFP designation.
A significant amount of the MFIN curriculum at queens seems similar to the BIWS and CFA material, and was wondering what your thoughts are on:
1) Completing the MFIN program at Queens and working in entry level roles in financial services or consulting at a Big 4 firm in Toronto,
2) working as an engineer and using the CFA, BIWS, and other self directed education to progress into senior management and leadership positions at a mining company.
Had been considering IB but believe my age (30) limits my options to break in as an analyst and that the remunerations for an analyst in canada would be equivalent to an engineering role. Long term goals are still being defined but realistically aiming for senior leadership, VP, director, executive position within a mining / resources company.
Thanks for your input.
I think you will need the MFin program because it seems like you have extensive work experience already, which means it will be harder to win entry-level IB roles (if that is your goal). Even if your goal is to work in corporate finance at a mining company directly, the MFin program, assuming solid placement, should still help you because it tends to be difficult to move straight into finance from an engineering background.
The biggest issue with the Canada is that the market is very small, and so there’s a ton of competition for limited spots. But if you’re willing to network aggressively and get the work experience, it’s doable.
Curious about recruiting for internships if I move to a MSF program directly from undergrad. For background, I completed a Global Markets summer internship at a NYC BB in ’19 and will complete a NYC BB IB internship in ’20. Should I be submitting applications now for summer ’21 IB internships? Almost every job posting indicates the bank’s preference for ’22 undergraduate date. Technically, I’ll be a ’21 undergrad and ’22 MSF. Any suggestions?
Wait, why are you doing an MSF program if you already have a BB IB internship for this summer? Is it just a backup plan if you don’t win a return offer? If so, I would hold off and just wait and see what happens… otherwise it will be tricky to explain the timing if you’re doing an internship this year, applying for another one next year, and then graduating the year after that.
I have a chance to go back to school for a fifth year (paid for by the university) to finish my athletic career and pursue a MSF or Masters in Business Analytics. Assuming I win a return offer at the end of this summer, would the bank allow me to defer my start date by a year? If so, would they allow or expect me to return in ’21 as a summer analyst? Or do I forego the fifth year and masters degree? Admittedly, I’m in a good spot but the decision making isn’t easy.
As an aside, your website has been INCREDIBLY helpful as I’ve worked through my recruiting process. You have provided such great information to me, and I steer my friends to your site all the time. Thank you.
Asking to defer your offer is always risky because the market environment can change very quickly (look at January 2020 vs. April 2020…). It might work, but if the economy sinks even further or hiring completely freezes by then, they could just rescind the offer. So… if you do win a full-time return offer, I would strongly recommend forgetting the 5th year and graduating as scheduled.
Hey Brian… thank you for posting this highly relevant article. I am a 2018 Undergrad. I have two years of work exp at a big 4 in Accouting… I am 25 years old. I got a summer internship at a top pension fund in the strategy group prior to staring the MFE program at Oxford. I really want to do IBanking or PE in Toronto. I am wondering if I should skip the MFE just network for an IB/PE analyst role or if I should just focus on the internship at Pension Fund, secure a full time first then once I am in the fund full time network my way to lateral into a PE role at the fund. Again lots of variables here – like actually landing a full-time offer. Or do you think I should skip the whole internship experience and go hunting for full time opportunities. Thoughts?
In addition to the above question, and independent of the above. I am very curious to hear what you think about doing an MFE and an MBA. I want to do a top MBA at HSW later (when I am 28) was wondering if my chances for a top MBA will decrease given I am doing the MFE. Should I skip the MFE entirely and save out for the MBA?
I think it will be tough to network your way from a pension fund role into IB/PE, so the MFE is probably a better idea. It’s always easier to get into those fields via an internship converted into a full-time offer.
An MFE + MBA seems pointless if you are already in one of those industries by then. An MBA is only useful for career changers who want to get into IB or consulting and do not have other pathways.
Hey as you said about engineer from India, I am in 3rd year of engineering and I have a Research internship in finance from an IIM(read top 5 bschool in India), and I will be doing another internship in Finance(probably equity research or IB if lucky). GRE score is 330 and IELTS/TOEFL is yet to come(I am sure to get 105+/8).
Is MS Finance not useful for an engineering candidate like me?
Also GPA is 8.65 (Computer engineering) which translates to 4.0 as per WES and my undergrad university is a top 25 university in india for engineering
The whole concept of MSF programs in India is different because recruiting there is based on attending one of the top IIMs or IITs. I don’t think traditional Master’s programs as they are conducted in Europe / the U.S. are a real pathway into the IB market there. Take a look at some of our previous articles on India for the best strategies here.
Hi Brian,
I am a third-year Bachelor of Business Administration student in studying in Belgium’s top university(not a target university for Finance). I have high grades (Cum Laude, equivalent to 2:1). I have done an Equity Research internship in Egypt’s biggest investment bank and I am currently working as a Private Equity intern in a search fund here in Belgium. over the next summer, I want to improve my chances of being accepted into a top MsF in London. My options for summer are :
1-a summer course in LSE (Statistical Methods in Risk Management) and an Investment banking internship in the aforementioned bank in Egypt.
2- a Business Development Internship in a growing tech company in the Netherlands.
What do you think would serve my purpose more? Do you think me having only a 2:1 grade equivalent could obstruct my chances of being accepted?
#1 is your best option if your long-term goal is to work in investment banking after the MsF. Option #2 might be better if you want to to work at a tech company or something outside the finance industry. I think 2:1 is fine for MsF programs.
Hello Brian,
Thank you for all of your insights. These articles are incredibly helpful! I was hoping to get some advice as we try to navigate through the current pandemic. I recently was admitted to a Top 5 Master’s of Accounting school, which gives me access to the same On-Campus Recruiting opportunities available to the school’s business school (It is a target school for West Coast, think UCLA/USC). They’ve placed several people in Investment Banking in years past. My own personal work experience has been healthcare, I have a 3.6 GPA and my undergrad is a top ten public school. Im really targeting Middle Market/Industry Specific Boutiques that have a high healthcare focus (Houlihan Lokey, SVB Leerink). I know you said that its imperative to have some type of finance experience going into your Master’s program, but given the current lockdown situation that is not looking very likely. Also, in one of your other articles, you mentioned how Middle Markets can serve as a solid entry point for people who decided on IB last minute. I was wondering if that still holds serve, and if a Master’s program can help someone meet that objective. There is also a very large alumni base to which I could reach out in the IB space, would that be of any benefit before I start the program as well?
Yes, MM firms can still work if you decided late, and it is still important to network before the program begins and before IB recruiting starts. For the issue with a lack of finance experience and no ability to gain more due to hiring freezes, maybe wait and see if you can win a school-year internship after the Master’s program begins. You could also try for some type of online/freelancing-related role, but I don’t think it will help much unless you need to generate income / cover expenses in the meantime.
Hi Brian,
Thanks for your articles. They are really insightful. I have a few questions. But first let me describe my situation.
Am an aerospace engineering graduate. Fair gpa just above 3.0 and graduated May 2019. I have no work/internship experience in finance but it is something I have gained quite an interest for and am very interested in switching career paths. There’s no chance of me doing an MBA at a top school as my work experience is still low. Is an MSc in finance a good step right now? Do I have any shot at investment banking with the finance masters? Would you recommend it?
I would love to work in M&As or Fixed income trading and my career goal is to work Private Equity or a major hedge fund. Am just in a loop right now as I don’t have many finance professionals to advice me. My peers are all engineers.
Any advice is welcomed and deeply appreciated.
Thanks.
Yes, an MSF could potentially be helpful for you, but you will need to gain finance work experience ASAP before/during the degree program. However, given the current environment with a virus outbreak, recession/depression, and frozen hiring everywhere, it may not even be a good idea to try for these roles until things become more normal… if that happens.
Hi Brian,
I am a third year student studying International and European Studies with many economics lessons like Macro, Micro and Econometrics in Greece. I always had a passion for finance but i only recently decided to pursue it. have no intership experience (Banks here don’t do interships unless its mandatory to finish uni). On track to earn a 3+ GPA.My plan is to apply for a MSF in London business school (cass , ICL etc) and simultaneously apply for Internships there. Do you think it is plausible ?
Thank you for your time and all the awesome articles that you write!
Yes, assuming the current virus crisis is over by the time you apply. You should focus on gaining internship experience ASAP because it will be difficult to use even a top MSF program to get into finance without at least 1-2 internships first.
Hi Brian,
I find your posts very useful. Just wanna share with you my situation and look for some recommendations:
I graduated first honors with an arts degree in HKU. I did a full year volunteer work after graduation and got into big 4 audit the following year. Have been there for 1.5 years and almost done with my CPA exams and taking CFA level 1.
People around me recommend a few years more in the field and switch career with an MBA. However, I really dislike the nature of auditing and would like to find new opportunities with a MSC finance degree (preferably UK G5/Singapore). My goal is primarily investment management/equity research analyst roles (also consider IB front office roles). I am open to career opportunities in HK/ other countries.
Do you think it’s a good idea to get a masters in my situation? Would really appreciate if you can give some advice!
If you can get into a top school in the US or UK and enroll quickly, yes. Once you get to the 3-year mark in your current role, though, you might need an MBA to switch into finance.
Hi Brian,
I have done an undergrad in film and tv, I’m looking to expand my career and in between three pathways. Film financing/investment
Investment Banking
Distribution/Sales within the entertainment industry.
What kind of postgraduate degree could open those doors?
MSc Finance, Master in Management, or an MBA?
I know nothing about film financing/sales within the entertainment industry, so cannot recommend anything there. For investment banking, it just depends on how much full-time work experience you already have. If < 3 years, MSF is best. If >= 3 years, MBA is more appropriate.
Hi Brian,
I’m a second year student at Oxford/Cambridge. I was wondering if I should continue on for the integrated undergrad-masters program at Oxford/Cambridge and apply for penultimate IBD internships in London later this year, or if I should finish my undergrad here and go to the US for masters programs (e.g. Stanford MS&E, Princeton/MIT MFin)? The rationale for the latter is that I’d be able to apply for IBD internships in NY, which seems to be a better place to start your career than London. However, the worry is that in the US, BBs/EBs will mostly recruit from undergrads at target schools rather than master’s students. I’ve also checked the careers pages of programs like MIT/Princeton MFin/Stanford MS&E and it doesn’t seem like they place many students into BB/EB IBD in NY. Would really appreciate your advice!
In general, you’re best off starting out in the same location as your university/Master’s program. There is some recruiting at Master’s programs in the U.S., but the problem is that the recruiting process there now starts so far in advance that it’s anyone’s guess whether or not you’ll be able to use it to win internship offers.
So… you should probably stay in London, do an internship there, and then ask for an internal transfer once you’ve been working full-time for a year or so.
Thanks for the reply! Part of my reasoning for wanting to do a master’s degree in the US is that you can start out as a 1st year analyst in NY and hence qualify for the on-cycle private equity recruitment process. As a 2nd year analyst in NY who transferred from London, would I have a path into MF (KKR, BX, etc) associate programs in NY?
If there isn’t a path, would the best alternative be to (1) stay in London IBD, recruit for PE in London then try to transfer to the NY office of the PE firm; (2) do an 18-month master’s program in the US and apply for IBD NY internships – if courses start after apps open, perhaps try to recruit before starting courses? Otherwise, is there something I haven’t considered?
The first thing to realize is that even if you are at a top bank, you will probably not make it into one of the mega-funds in NY. Very few Analysts do, and even if they do, most quit fairly quickly because the turnover rate is high at the junior levels (worse hours than IB, pay is not *that* great for the time and stress, rarely a path up the ladder, etc.).
So, if that is your main motivation, you should probably re-think your goals (similar to how 50% of marriages end in divorce… yes, everyone goes in with the best intentions, but the numbers always trump “best intentions”).
You can still win offers at these firms by going through the process as a 2nd year analyst and then staying in IB for 3 years.
You are still probably better off staying in London, recruiting for PE there, and then trying to transfer.
Hi Brian.Really useful article. I would appreciate your advice regarding my situation. I am a CA in India. passed last year and currently working in transfer pricing big 4. I don’t have any finance work experience-difficult in India. but I am preparing for CFA. Do you think it’s a good idea for me to get a masters in finance? I would be targeting careers in other countries like Singapore/ Hong Kong
If you actually do the MSF in one of those other countries, yes, potentially. It depends on the total amount of work experience you have, though.
Hello Brian,
I am currently a first-year student doing a Bachelor’s in Banking and Finance in the University of Aleppo, the Second Top university in Syria, but globally it falls way behind in the rankings. Due to the poor rankings, do you think it is 100% necessary to do an MSF if I have to apply for a job in one of the Big 4 in London? And do you think it is a better idea if I apply for a Student Visa, gain an offer at a top university in the UK to do an MSF, and then work? Or apply for a Work Visa, and then do an MSF after getting employed?
Also, the more important question, is it possible for an Investment Banking Analyst to do a full-time MSF while working full-time? If not, then is either his job or studies has to be part-time? Or is it not possible at all? And if the last one is the case, then is it possible at all to do an MSF, either full-time or part-time, while working full-time as an Associate, VP or a director?
Also, to give you a clearer image of my situation, I am able to do internships here, but how many do yoi think I should do? See, because we don’t have branches for any of the American or British Big 4, bit we do have branches for the largest banks in the Middle East.
You cannot be an IB Analyst and do any time of part-time or full-time degree. It’s completely impossible with the hours you’ll be working. You will have almost no free time in IB until you’re very senior, so it’s not even worth thinking about.
If you want to work at the Big 4 in London, you could probably get in without an MSF in the UK, but the whole visa situation is currently unclear due to Brexit. We have no idea what will change and if it will be limited to “unskilled workers” or everyone else as well.
You probably have a better chance if you do an MSF there, intern there, and then apply for full-time roles. But I’m not sure you need an MSF for the Big 4 in the first place – roles are less competitive than the ones offered by banks.
Hi Brian,
Thanks for the great content. I graduated from a non-target with a 3.1 Gpa in Econ and Comp Sci in 2018. I was able to do an internship at a large bank (non-BB) before I graduated through the side door, but wasn’t part of the Summer Analyst program. I did work on an interesting part of the trading floor however.
After graduating, I’ve been working for a F500 Energy firm as a Business Analyst for almost 2 years now. My worry is my undergrad GPA. If I get a better Msfin GPA and job post-graduation, I would feel like I have a better chance at a Top MBA in 4-5 years.
Would the MsFin make sense? or should I focus on getting a better job in NYC and competing for a top MBA?
I am considering Villanova, Rochester, Fordham, Baruch MsFin mainly. Perhaps I can shoot higher with my strong work experience and letters.
Thanks in advance!
If you can apply and win admissions to MSF programs ASAP, yes, I would recommend it so you can overcome the non-target and GPA issues. But if you’ll have to wait ~2 years to do it, I wouldn’t bother because then you’ll be over-qualified for Analyst-level roles (in that case, go for a better job first and then a top MBA).
I would also aim for the top MSF programs if you decide to do that.
Brian thanks for this content!
I suppose I am in option B? Double majored in Mathematics and biology (3.6) and completed a masters in molecular biology (3.85). However, I have no official job experience as I just graduated. What would be the best option to break into finance, particularly with a aim of breaking into IB?
1)Do I apply to MSF or do I apply to MBA?
2)Is there any possibility of cold calling/emailing for a IB internship?
I would take a look at some of these articles (no, don’t do an MBA – maybe consider an MSF but try to win an internship or other job first via networking):
https://mergersandinquisitions.com/biology-to-investment-banking/
https://mergersandinquisitions.com/medical-school-to-investment-banking/
Hello Brian,
I earned my BSc in Canada (2018) and my MSc in the UK (2019), both degrees in political science. I decided I want a career in finance only during my master’s degree. I highly value growth opportunities, salary and working with inspiring and ambiguous people. I don’t worry too much about work-life balance and location because I don’t need to stabilise yet.
I am Canadian and I am 24 yo. I have no full-time work experience or relevant internship, and I don’t know if I can stand a chance coming form a non-traditional background. My grades were good and I have held several leadership positions in university societies, but my internships were unrelated to finance.
My questions:
-What sort of career path would you recommend me? Do you think emerging markets, corporate finance within a global firm or credit analysis are sound and reasonable goals given my situation?
-Should I apply for a MFin? I already enrolled for the CFA L1 for June 2020 thinking it could be a substitute for a MFin, but in hindsight I think the CFA cannot not help me in the recruiting process at this point…
Any advice would be a huge help. Thank you in advance, it’s kind of you to answer all of us.
1) It’s almost impossible to say if you haven’t had internship experience yet. You need to try different roles and see what you like and what you don’t like first. Political science is not directly related to finance, but you might like roles that require knowledge of geopolitics and policy decisions, such as anything macro-related in S&T or groups in IB that depend heavily on government policies and regulations.
2) The CFA will not help you with traditional finance roles because you really need internship experience. So… if you can afford it, yes, do a Master’s in Finance at a top school and start networking ASAP for internships before/during the program.
Hi, Brian, thanks for the information. I worked full-time for 2 yrs in credit industry after finishing my bachelor of science in Financial Math. I applied for master school this year and will be a student at CUNY-Baruch College for MS Finance starting Jan 2020.
I have been searching for summer internship recently, but found most of them are for undergraduate student. Do you think I can possibly get an offer if I apply as a graduate student? While it is Christmas season so I am not going to bug bankers for information sessions. Besides networking, do you know any website/way to find internships for master school student?
And happy holidays!
Yes, you can win internships as a Master’s student. Now is not a great time to network due to the holidays, but you can start again in the first week of January.
Remember that most useful internships in finance come through networking, so it’s probably not even worth your time to look online, except as a way to see which firms might have openings. But once you do that, find people on LinkedIn and go through email to get the best results.
Hello Sir
I have just been recruited by one of India’s most premier financial services companies in their wealth management division. I will be working as a Management Trainee under a Relationship Manager/Financial Adviser for 3 years before becoming one. I want to enter PE/IB in the US/UK.
I am graduating from my current MBA in 2020 as a fresher from a new IIM.
I am confused as to:
Whether a MSF or a second MBA program from an Ivy League B-School will help me to achieve my aspirations ?
Do I need to switch to IB before applying for them ?
Yes, an MSF or second MBA from a top business school in the US or Europe will help you get in. Degrees from the IIMs are treated differently.
You don’t need to switch into IB, technically, but it would help to get a role that’s more relevant, such as one that involves valuation, deal analysis, due diligence, etc., as you’ll be competing against people with previous IB/PE experience.
Hi Brian,
I have just completed an MSc Finance degree at a target university (think Oxbridge, LSE, Imperial) in the UK. However, I just achieved a degree classification of a ‘Pass’ for various reasons and which I am extremely embarrassed for. The classification is below the minimum requirement of investment banks and just one notch above a ‘Fail’. I do have a couple of IBD internships incl. a bulge bracket as I did very well in my Bachelor. No bank will take me with such a degree classification. I know I can do better than a Pass. I am considering doing another Master degree, maybe in Management, to get the grades I need. Do you think I should even take another Master degree and, if so, will Investment Banks still look at my first Master degree result and still reject me based on that even if I do very well in my second master degree?
I don’t see what else you can do, so yes, you will probably need a second degree and you can point to the results from that instead. Banks will still look at both, but if you do much better in the second one, it might be fine.
Hi Brian,
I went to a top public university in the US. I double majored in finance and chemistry, however I got interested in finance and investment banking very late and was not able to capitalize on the available opportunities. I currently work in consulting (public sector) and I have had a financial planning internship in the past. I am thinking of doing a masters in finance (US or UK) to break into investment banking. My current plan is to cold call and get a summer internship before the masters program starts for some experience. I would apply to intern roles and analyst roles for after the program is over, as I understand that it will be difficult to secure BB roles without prior experience. My financial modeling experience is minimum to none and I plan on taking a financial modeling course and learning on my own. Is this a viable plan?
Yes.
Hi Brian,
First and foremost thank you for your insight through this site, it has been very helpful for me so far. I am currently getting an MBA with a specialization in Health Sector Management in Policy at the University of Miami. I only have one year left in the executive program and I’m looking at pursuing a part time MSF degree at either Notre Dame or Johns Hopkins. My goal is to transition into IB within the healthcare space. I am 32 years old, my current work is in overseeing the transition and acquisition of our retiring doctors practices as Associate Director. Do you have any recommendations for me? Which of the two schools would you choose?
I’m not really sure why you’re getting an MSF after an MBA if your goal is IB. Normally, people work for a few years, complete an MBA, and then use that to move into IB as an Associate.
If you really want to go that route, you’ll need some type of finance experience before/during the MSF program to have a shot, and even then, I think you might get a strange reaction from bankers because they’ll wonder why you did an MBA and then an MSF instead of just an MBA to get in.
Notre Dame appears to be ranked much higher than Johns Hopkins in the MSF degree list, so that is probably a better option. But again, this one is putting the cart before the horse because you need a good answer/explanation for your plan.
Hi Brain,
I’m qualified chartered accountant (India) and CFA L1 cleared in June’17, having experience of 1 year into external audits, 1.5 years into corporate finance advisory role and 1.5 years as credit manager into Working capital loans.
I want to make carrier in equity research roles/ corporate valuations roles or Investment banking roles.
Is it advisable to do M’fin to get into these roles.
I’m considering warwick business school, University of Edinburgh or Trinity / UCD college in dublin, due to higher fee in other universities considering my budget.
Please advice / guide.
Best Regards,
Himanshu Sharma
Yes, but the biggest benefit is probably that an MFin in one of those places will let you work in a bigger/broader market (Europe). If you want to stay in India, I’m not sure how much it will help because all the recruiting for IB roles seems to take place at the top IIMs.
Hello Brian your in-depth industry experiences and constructive advices are so impressive! My own background is grad from a Midwest big ten, BA in Econ, with extremely low GPA as 2.6. Mainly due to those years as an international student my English totally killed everything so it was the language skill rather than the study or intelligence ability prevented me from getting a better GPA. Since recent years I set a bigger goal for myself to reach and have completed some certificate exams now sit for the CFA 3(2020) and FRM 2 (2019) if say I am lucky enough to clear all CFA &FRM exams and combined withl >730 GMAT before MSF application, by your experience is that good enough to offset the low GPA? and which schools do you suggest me to try? Schools post student profile but only the average GPA or scores got exhibited, the tail data is always not access to so I don’t really have any clue. Another sore spot for me is I got my bachelor degree in 2011, which means I am old but not experienced. I have many years unemployed because my immigration status was frozen so I had to wait. I got 3 months equity research experience in NYC last year and was my only relevant intern.Do you consider I am even eligible? Is that still some possibility for me to break into the IB?? Thank you for your precious time in advance!!
I don’t know, possibly. They do care about GPA, but if you have good enough work experience or test scores, you might be able to get in anyway.
If your goal is to win competitive finance jobs in fields like IB, then you should focus on the schools described here.
If you finished undergrad in 2011, it might be very difficult to win these types of entry-level roles, but it depends on how you present your experience since that time… the first question they will ask you is what you’ve been doing since then.
Honestly, with your background, you might have better luck in less traditional fields like real estate finance, where you can get in and do well if you work hard enough and where grades/pedigree are less important.
Thanks for all these supportive guides I could merely access to elsewhere. It’s very inspiring that the real estate related positions were deemed as possible ways for people not yet on the traditional track like me. Yet my passion for it is very limited though I ‘ve learned some valuation methods for buildings and REITS. Could you please figure out some other ways I might break in and start with?? I heard some PEs recruit entry analysts from college graduates, just curious if clearing CFA/FRM exams will make resume any appealing to them??
Hi Brian,
thank you for your content! I am a 2020 undergraduate from a top target school with a mediocre GPA 3.4/4.0 majoring in finance. Had two internships in boutique investment banks in NY. looking for full time right now but the chances are I am not going to get an offer due to my citizenship status. should I look into these masters programs for fall 2020?
Yes, but make sure the program qualifies as STEM so you can graduate and then work for 36 months afterward: https://mergersandinquisitions.com/international-student-investment-banking/
Hi
The question is specifically for those who are finance aspirants or want a career in finance ie. In IB, Asset management, hedge funds, investments etc. (Front office)
Is it suggested to do a MBA in finance or MS Finance? Because what I have heard with an MBA you have more opportunities and a higher position and pay in an investment company Iike Jp Morgan etc.
Whereas with MS since you are a fresher you would be more or less given a minor role compared to what you would have got with an MBA.
Please help!
It depends on how long you’ve been out of undergrad and how close your existing full-time work experience is. Once you move beyond 2-3 years out of undergrad and/or you have experience that is completely unrelated, you’ll probably need an MBA to get in. An MSF is more for scenarios where you “almost made it” and had pretty relevant experience, but need a bit more time and another shot at recruiting.
Hi Brian,
I’m Italian and I’m 25 years old. I’m about to start the MSc in Accounting and Finance at LSE in September. I have a Bachelor’s degree in Business Administration with the highest grade from an unknown university in Italy. I took two gap years before my bachelor’s degree and one after. In the last year, I worked at UniCredit bank as a brach consultant for 6 months and that is my only relevant experience (is it relevant?).
Taking into account my personal situation, do you think that I could break into IB right after my master’s degree at LSE?
I think you will probably need an additional internship to be competitive for IB. Something closer, such as a boutique PE or VC firm, Big 4, valuation, corporate finance, or something else like that.
Would an MS finance make sense for someone in my situation to break into IB: I attended a non target state school and got decent grades (3.68/4) and double majored in accounting and finance and I now am in a financial rotation program at a F500 co. I am also beginning the recruiting process with Big 4 accounting firms (audit positions mostly). I took the GMAT after graduation and got a score above what the median at Vanderbilt and UT Austin have on their page. Would applying here after 1 year work experience be a good idea? or perhaps moving into Big 4 accounting and waiting until I am experienced enough to pursue an MBA be a better option?
I think you could probably just go directly from the F500 into a “high finance” role (not sure why you would move to audit first? It seems like a step back if your goal is IB/PE). An MSF might make sense, certainly more than an MBA, but personally I would only do it if you spend some time recruiting, come up empty-handed, and decide that you need to gain better access to recruiters.
Hi Brian,
Quick question. My background is economics and I’ve always worked in corporate banking as a credit analyst (large corporates), and now front office. I have 6 years of working experience.
I am trying to move into investment banking and willing to go for a more junior role.
Do you think that doing a MSF, say in LSE, would help me break into investment banking having worked a few years already in corporate banking?
I am based in London.
Thanks
I think 6 years might be a bit too much to get into IB via an MSF program. You might be able to do it since CB is closer to IB than many other roles, but they also might be reluctant to hire you as an Analyst with that much experience. You would have a better chance if you attended a top MBA program and used that instead (though MBA-level recruiting is not as well-developed in Europe, and it is a huge time/money commitment).
Brian,
I am approaching the final year of my bachelor degree in Business Administration at a semi-target in Europe. Furthermore, next summer I will be interning in the IB division at a top BB in London.
Because I am already going into the final year of my bachelor degree, I would have a gap year between my SA stint and FT (assuming I receive a return offer).
Would it make sense to take the GMAT in this situation and apply for top master programs (LSE/HEC/Boconni) to have a better ‘name recognition’ when starting FT? Or would it make more sense to just do a masters at my university (no requirements for internal students)?
I am struggling with the decision if I should take the GMAT or not, especially if the better name recognition doesn’t mean anything after starting FT.
Would love to hear your opinion.
I don’t think a better-known school will help much, assuming you receive a full-time return offer at a top bank. So if you want to do a Master’s degree, just do it at your current university.
Hello Brian,
I am 28 years old and I am deciding on whether I should pursue a MS Finance or a MBA.
I am planning to get into private equity as an analyst or associate. I have 7 months of experience in accounting and 17 months of experience in operations in a big investment Management firm.
which one should I choose? the MBA or the MS finance?
thank you!
It will be extremely difficult to get into private equity with that type of background unless you gain deal experience, normally in investment banking but also possibly in corporate development, first. So you need to think about how to gain deal experience first. The best way to do that in your case is probably to do the MSF at a top school and use recruiting there to win an Analyst-level IB offer, and then move into PE. An MBA does not make sense because you won’t have what it takes to get into PE directly from the degree, and going into IB following an MBA will make it more difficult to get into PE later on.
thanks for your time Brian =)
very helpful!!
I am sorry Brian,
I forgot to mention I have a BBA in finance and I am looking to get specifically into a boutique private equity firm ( middle market.) does this makes any difference?
Thanks
Ander
It does not matter. It is exceptionally difficult to get into PE no matter what you do – even if you actually have deal experience at a bank. Please see these articles to understand why:
https://mergersandinquisitions.com/investment-banking-to-corporate-development/
https://mergersandinquisitions.com/private-equity-recruitment/
https://mergersandinquisitions.com/how-to-get-into-private-equity/
Hi Brian,
I’m a long time lurker here and your guide has really helped me over the years. And I’d love to hear your advice for my situation. I’ve graduated from a Semi-targeted Canadian University with a finance degree and have been working in a boutique IB shop for a year now. I’m currently looking for lateral shift opportunities into bigger banks but is struggling to do so by just networking. My friends have suggested doing an MFin degree at a target school here to compensate for my lack of business background. Do you think its a good idea to pursue a Mfin degree at this point? I do want to complete an MBA program in the future, but as a first-year analyst I think it’s still too soon for me to do that. Any insights or suggests that you might have would be much appreciated!
I think the main issue is that you’re in Canada, so the market is smaller and there are many fewer job openings since the Big 5 Canadian banks might only hire a few dozen students per year. Instead of doing an MFin or MBA, maybe think about switching regions and going to the U.S. or U.K. (much bigger markets). I don’t really think an MFin will help you move to a bigger bank because you have a finance degree and IB experience already. An MBA might help you, but more so if you use it to work in the U.S., where MBA-level recruiting is more developed and where there are more Associate positions.
I am considering an MSF from a non-target school (but CFA accredited program). I have a B.B.A. in finance, and no interest in IB: I’m “older” (27), and don’t like the IB environment.
I’m interested in corporate finance or commercial banking, but have had trouble finding job as I have no experience. Do you think an MSF make me more desirable in the market or help me land internships?
It depends on what your work experience looks like. If you have literally no full-time work experience and also no internships (but what were you doing before/after university?), then yes, an MSF would help your profile and give you a better chance at winning a job. But you’ll still probably need *some* type of internship or pre-MSF internship to have the best shot at using the program to win offers.
Hi Brian,
I have one year left before completing my Master’s degree in finance at a target school in France. I have completed one internship in audit and am currently interning at one of the top French banks in M&A. Would you recommend that I enroll into a MSF in a US school if I want to find a position in the US, even though I will soon obtain one from France? I am afraid my choice will be questioned since I expect courses to be somewhat repetitive.
Thanks in advance and keep up the good work!
If you want to maximize your chances of winning a role in the U.S. and you are not a U.S. citizen or permanent resident, then yes, an MSF or other additional degree in the U.S. would help since it’s easier to win a role if you qualify for the F-1 OPT program.
Another option would be to work in Europe at a large bank and then ask about a transfer to the U.S. after 1-2 years there.
Hi Brian,
How do you feel about a Master’s of Business Analytics? I’m currently trying to decide between two acceptances I received: an MSF (Vanderbilt) or a Master’s of Business Analytics (Notre Dame – with partial scholarship).
My goal is to go into investment banking in Chicago.
A little background about me – Finance degree from a big state school in 2017 (3.5 gpa). I’ve spent the last two years in corporate finance at a F100 company.
I realize I’m late to comment on this thread, but it’s so full of relevant info for me. Any insight you could give toward my decision between these two programs would be fantastic. Thanks.
Unless you need Business Analytics because of visa issues (as I think it qualifies for STEM treatment, so helpful for international students who want to stay in the country), you should go with the school that has the best reputation and placements. And I believe Vanderbilt is slightly better in MSF rankings, but there’s not a huge difference if you value the partial scholarship at Notre Dame highly.
Hello Brian,
As an international candidate who wants to break into investment banking, I would appreciate your view on what degree would be more appropriate for me- MSF or MBA?
I spent three years as an accounting officer in my country’s armed forces for national service and I have worked subsequent two years as a corporate banker in the local office of Citibank. I feel that I may be too old for MSF/Analyst route and yet at the same time, I feel underqualified for MBA /Associate route. Would recruiters consider my three-year national service a work experience?
Just in case it helps you answer the question, I did my undergraduate degree in a target school.
You will almost certainly need an MBA at this point because the 3 years of accounting will be viewed as work experience, even though it was technically in the military.
Hi Brian,
I’m Chartered accountant from India, having CFA L1 with Over all experience of 3 yearz which includes 18 months in corporate finance role.
I’m 26 years old. Considering my age, qualifications and experience is it advisable to do Master’s in finance.
I had worked in accounting and auditing roles. But I had figured out that I want to work in finance only.
Please suggest.
I’m considering Canada at the moment. Is it a good market for finance roles.
Further I will study by availing finance so it’s a huge decision for me carrer wise as well as Financially
India is a completely different market. The guidelines here don’t necessarily apply. Please see:
https://mergersandinquisitions.com/investment-banking-india/
https://mergersandinquisitions.com/india-big-4-transaction-services/
https://mergersandinquisitions.com/startup-investment-banks-india/
https://mergersandinquisitions.com/private-equity-india/
An MSF won’t help much there because recruiting is so focused on the top IIMs.
Canada is also not a great market because it’s so small and it tends to be difficult to get a work visa there.
Hi, I recently found your website and I am obsessed. I have a Bachelors of Economics in Finance (3.73GPA) and I am currently doing an MBA in a non target school in SanFrancisco (Finance emphasis). I began this fall, and will be graduating June 2020. I chose to get an MBA right after my bachelors because I wasn’t sure what to do and did not want to just lay around. It’s been 3 months now and I’ve decided to go the IB route. In hindsight I would have chosen to get an MSF instead.
I am an International student and my current program qualifies me for just one year of OPT.
I’m considering switching to a MSF that qualifies as a STEM program just to give me more time but I feel as though that’s backwards. Not sure what to do.
Any advice will be highly appreciated Thanks!
I would definitely recommend switching to an MSF, if possible, because an MBA right after undergrad is not a great idea for IB recruiting (it will be tough to compete against others with full-time experience). This article may be helpful:
https://mergersandinquisitions.com/international-student-investment-banking/
Brian, I was just accepted into a two year MSF program and it is my intent to quit my job before the semester starts next year. I’m currently a business analyst at a consulting firm (Booz, Deloitte, ACN) and I will have been here for a year before I leave. My question is, do I really need another internship prior to starting the program if I completed two PE internships as a senior? My goal is to get a PE role a MM fund.
No, probably not. It will still be difficult to win a PE role directly out of the program, but another finance internship will not change that at all. You have a good shot at other roles that lead into PE with that type of background.
Thanks Brian. I figured that going straight into PE would be unlikely so I’m going to aim for IB. I graduated from a semi-target but I finished with a low GPA (2.83). My plan is to focus on getting a 3.5+ GPA in my first year and then competing for an IB role during full time recruiting. With that in mind, should I try to do a summer internship with a small IB shop in my first year to have it on my resume or would my experience with an improved resume be enough? I was also a fighter aircraft maintainer in the Air Force for a year and a half before college so I feel like I have a unique resume as is. My main concern is that is finding a balance between having enough experience and having too experience much to get an analyst role.
I don’t think that plan will work because normally you win a summer internship that you then convert into a full-time role. And if it’s 2-year MSF program, you really only have 1 summer available for an internship. So, you probably need to focus on winning an IB role in that summer, ideally at a mid-sized-to-large bank so you have a reasonable chance of receiving a return offer. Of course, since recruiting is now hyper-accelerated for undergrads, it’s not clear how the timing will work for Master’s students… you can’t really apply for internships before you start the program. I don’t think you need an additional internship beyond your consulting role and PE internships to apply for IB roles.
So if I’m going for the MSF->IB->PE route, do I need to have an investment banking internship on my resume to be competitive with my background?
As I wrote above, no, I don’t think you necessarily need it, though it might help you a bit if you can do it before the program or during the first few months.
Hi Brian,
First of all, I would like to say that I really appreciate what You do here, especially considering that comments and questions are actually answered.
Long story (not-so) short: I am a first year student at the Bocconi MSc in Finance, having graduated last summer. During my three-year bachelor, always at Bocconi (Finance too), I was a really good student (that’s why I was able to be admitted to the MSc program), but I did not focus at all on the working-related aspect, so that now I do not have any experience whatsoever.
Now, getting to post-graduate level without a working experience in Italy is not uncommon at all (I would say that it is basically the norm), but still I would like to ask You what my next moves could be, considering that I was not-shockingly not able to land any bulge-bracket IB summer internship in London.
I was thinking about either trying to get a consulting internship (MBBO), maybe in the middle east, or trying to break into Venture Capital in London (as I read in one of your articles).
Is any of them actually a good idea, considering that I would still like to break into banking, once graduated from my master?
At this point, you need to get any type of work experience you can to have a shot at winning IB roles. Internships or off-cycle roles at small PE/VC firms might work, a consulting internship might work, and even something like a Big 4 or other valuation/accounting internship might work. You’ll probably have to go outside Italy for the best chance at winning one of these because it’s notoriously difficult to win internships there, and there aren’t that many firms. The Middle East might be better, especially if you have some type of connection there, but I think you’re best off going to the largest finance market in Europe (the UK) and applying for roles there.
Thanks for the articles, I have gained extensive insight from M&I over the last few years. However, I think I need advice on my specific situation. I would really appreciate your thoughts on whether a Masters in Finance makes sense for me. I am an Australian student from the University of Queensland and am about to complete my undergraduate degree in November. I am studying a dual of Bachelor of Engineering/Commerce with a double major of Mechanical Engineering and Finance. My overall GPA is 3.5+ equivalent and my Finance Major GPA is 4.0 equivalent. My career goal is a career in investment banking, preferably in the energy, mining and utilities sectors as it fits my background and are huge in Australia. My experience consists of the following:
– worked as an undergraduate mechanical engineer at a mid-cap utilities company for about 5 months,
– interned in an internal operations role at a mid-tier retail/commercial bank (2 months),
– interned in audit at big 4 (2 months), and
– interned in corporate finance at big 4 (6 months).
With this experience, I gunned hard for investment banking internships and graduate roles throughout 2018. I managed to make the final round for graduate interviews with two bulge bracket firms. For internships, I got first round interviews with 6 firms, and made final round interviews with 3 of them (2 boutiques and 1 bulge bracket). All of these interviews were in Sydney, and many came as a result of my networking. I developed a very strong network with a senior banker at a bulge bracket, and other decent networks of analysts and associates from the boutiques. They have encouraged to keep in touch, particularly if I secured a big 4 role or boutique. Unfortunately, there are very few opportunities in my home city, where I was unsuccessful with big 4 corp finance which are the best avenue for IB in Brisbane. After this application season, I applied for many other roles just to gain more experience in relevant industries. Soon, I am about to complete a 3 month internship (Nov-Feb) in Brisbane for mechanical engineering. This is with Australia’s leading energy retailer and has the largest market share in Australian shale gas. I am also the preferred candidate for a graduate role at a services company in their project management division (contract bidding, procurement and contract administration/project execution), which will mainly consist of projects related to utilities, particularly renewable energy. This company is not a well-known name and will most likely provide a contract offer next week.
With all this under consideration, I have mapped out this potential plan:
1. I complete my Engg internship in 2018/2019. If successful, I could have the option to start a full time role with this energy company in 2020.
2. My grad role for 2019 would start immediately after this internship. The job is located in Melbourne.
3. Due to the lack of transferable skills with this role, I am planning to study a masters in finance at the University of Melbourne. Application deadlines are very soon.
4. During 2019, I will study part time and utilize the networks and campus events to continue to try and break into banking. This will be graduate and internship applications which span from March to July. I will also continue to apply for off-market entry level positions for big 4, boutiques and maybe bulge brackets.
Pros of plan:
– Melbourne is the best choice as I have a job and can support myself.
– University of Melbourne has the highest corporate finance rankings for Masters degrees, and Melbourne recruiting for IB tend to be biased towards University of Melbourne students.
– Better than staying in Brisbane where masters programs are not as reputable and there is less access for networking opportunities.
– Have enough time to start networking with IB Melbourne firms if I commit now.
Cons:
– All of my current networks are in Sydney.
– Grad role is located in a suburban area (1.5 hours travel time from uni and 45mins from the city via public transport). With a full time job, this will make networking and going to university events more difficult, but not impossible.
– Do not know the full demands of the grad job, where it could be very demanding as I will be frequently required onsite (maybe FIFO but not sure yet). This could hurt my grades and networking.
Other considerations:
– If I have time, might attempt FMI modeling certifications to demonstrate my technical skills for boutiques and big 4.
– Not sure about a CFA instead of a masters. They are easier to manage, less time commitment and lower cost. A masters seems more beneficial though.
– Still eligible to apply for grad roles two years out of an undergraduate (this is if I am not studying post-grad)
What are your thoughts of my plan? Do you have any additional suggestions or alternatives? I had alarm bells when you mentioned that a Masters of Finance is not beneficial in Australia for breaking into IB. Apologies for the long-winded message, I just wanted to frame my situation as clearly as possible. Thanks for reading.
The flaw in your plan is that banks do not necessarily recruit from MSF programs in Australia. I don’t know this for a fact, but I do know that MBA-level recruiting is nonexistent, which suggests that MSF recruiting may also not be great. Before going through all these scenarios and making a giant pro/con list, you should do some searches on LinkedIn and speak with alumni and see what they say about IB recruiting from the program. Always prioritize real peoples’ profiles and facts on LinkedIn over anonymous online discussion.
The other flaw in your plan is that you want to stay in Australia, which is a notoriously small/difficult and nepotism-driven hiring market for IB roles. If you really want to get into the industry, you should try to move to a market with more roles (the UK or UK). Yes, it’s difficult, but it may still be easier to do that and find a job in another country than to stay in Australia… based on complaints from almost every reader in Australia over the past decade.
I have family in Italy, so I was considering the University of Bocconi in Milan. Would this be a good option from your knowledge of the European market? Thanks again for reading.
Yes, it’s a well-known university in Europe that sends graduates into banking. And almost anything beats Australia.
Hey Matt, I’m in the same boat. I had numerous BB/boutique IB interviews for intern/grad in 2017/18 but wasn’t able to secure an offer. Unlike your top marks however, I have average Eng/Com marks and currently work in Big 4 CF.
Did you end up doing masters? Would love to hear your opinion/current situation. I’m thinking of doing masters to prove to banks I’m academically capable since my marks were questioned a lot during interviews (messed around in the first couple of years of undergrad).
Wouldn’t mind hearing a few words from you too Brian. Thanks
Yes, a Master’s degree could be useful in that situation if one of the key objections was your grades, and you’re confident you can do better in the MSF program.
Hey Brian,
I have decided quite late to peruse IB, so I have had no prior internships. I have just graduated with a degree in Maths with Finance, and am currently working as an accountant. My finance experience is limited to this. Do you think it would be possible to get an internship, if so how would I go about securing one? Or your thoughts on an approach to getting into an investmant analyst position.
Many thanks
I would take a look at this article to get some ideas: https://mergersandinquisitions.com/breaking-into-investment-banking-accountant/
Hi Brian, long time lurker at this site. First of all, thank you so much for your BIWS and M&I guide, those guides are incredibly helpful for me to get to the position where I am today.
And spoil alert: sorry for the long post
About myself: I am a international student from China, study abroad seven years ago, currently a senior at UCLA studying Business-economics with a 3.6 GPA. I got in the recruiting game late. I start thinking about what I want to do in my sophomore year summer. That made me automatically fail for the regular recruiting route because at that point I have a blanket sheet of resume(I involved in non-business student organization in my first two years). After I talked to my friends and went to recruiting events, I I figured out that the traditional IB-PE-MBA-PE path is something I want to pursue.
Speaking of internship experience, I got a marketing internship in junior fall, and I am lucky enough to secure a VC internship junior spring and a boutique IB internship last summer after roughly 300applications, 50cold calls, 50 cold emails.
From the last summer until now, I tried my best in FT recruiting. I leveraged both the alumni network and some of my older network. However, it has been an uphill battle for me especially consider the fact that I am an international student with a non-stem degree.
Speaking of FT recruiting status, I had seven interviews, four phone screen, 3 hirevue. Firms range from bulge bracket to MM to boutique. I have connection who offer me to go work at local boutique that sponsor visa. However, it will be a huge gamble since the lottery chance is incredibly low for non-stem. And more importantly, I think technically the next step for me should be big banks because it is completely doable for people at my school who spent their sophomore summer in boutique. I thought I was just a year late so I hustled and was hoping to utilize the FT recruiting season for an offer.
Then things went out of my control – I think I did well after I studying your guide. All my interview coaches said I should be ready, but I did not move forward in two of the phone interview, which I thought I did okay. I am undecided between if I should continue FT recruiting or delay graduation for one quarter to be eligible for summer internship or a stem degree master program.
This year will be my eighth year studying abroad so I think I am more fit in American business culture. That’s part of the reason that I really want to stay and work here for long term. Therefore, I want to pick the choice that maximize my career prospect, which is the IB-PE path. I know it will be more difficult as I became older, so now it is a crucial moment for me to make the decision.
1. logistics about this approach – I spent my whole junior year on recruiting, so I am very inexperienced in grad school recruiting and I do not have a GRE score while it is already October, which definitely hold me back. Given my existing background and skillset, which are some of the school/program out of your mind that would give me the career prospect while not of my league?
2. Business Analytics/Master of financial engineering program are both stem degree that are popular for international students. However, they are relatively hard for me to get in as I have zero coding/maths/statistics background. Would you think I have a shot at those? Or should I? The technical skills I developed from those program is not what I am aiming for. I think a program with good location, network and platform will be most useful for investment banking recruiting.
3.Would you think have a non-finance stem degree will hurt my chances, such as civil engineering? Will that look bad on resume? How bad is a master degree look on an investment banking resume in general, as the majority of IBD analyst are undergrad.
3. I know you do not do grad school counseling. But do you know any resource that can help me through this process(Like your website and WSO for IB)?
I know it is my job to do the research and reach out to people.But I am running out of time since it is already October. I would really appreciate if you can share two cents.
Thanks in advance!!!
Honestly, I don’t know if I can answer your questions because you’re asking about things that we don’t specialize in. I would recommend this site if you want more about MSF degrees and coaching: http://msfhq.com/
I just do not know enough about MSF options and different degree choices at that level to say anything definitive. I think the schools mentioned in this article could work, and I don’t think you necessarily need a coding/math/stats background to get into these programs (for any degree). A non-finance STEM degree might hurt your chances a bit, but if that’s your best option, take it and then spin a story (e.g., civil engineering could be spun into sounding relevant to infrastructure banking or investing).
Thanks! I definitely did take a look at both school mentioned. What is the odds for someone with my background to break into IB with a master degree, since it is the unconventional way. Have you seen anyone made it that way? Is a first year master degree student eligible for summer internship program in big banks or it is an automatic fail because i am “overqualified”? Or it is mostly depends on networking.
Thanks for the website you recommended and sorry for another set of questions!
You can do it, it just depends on how much time/effort/money you are willing to spend. There is a good example here:
https://mergersandinquisitions.com/international-student-investment-banking/
I don’t think you are over-qualified. That only happens if you have multiple years of full-time work experience.
Hey Brian,
I really want to break into banking, but unfortunately finished with a 3.0 in finance from a semi-target. I completed an internship in wealth management and currently work with loans at one of America’s largest banks.It’s been really disheartening seeing my friends working in IB. I’ve always had trouble focusing and wasn’t treated for ADD until after graduation and I had to work part time at school I’m hoping admissions counselors will recognize these as a reason for low grades.
Do you think an MSF would be a good 2nd chance for me? I’ve been studying for the GMAT and it seems I’ll get around 700
I think Vandy is out of reach but I’ve been leaning towards SMU or Villanova
Yes, an MSF might work if you can get into a top program. But I think you’ll need a better explanation for your grades because the “medical problem” angle tends not to work well for various reasons… https://mergersandinquisitions.com/low-gpa-investment-banking/
If I was able to get into a top program would my poor undergrad grades still be an issue?
Since most recruiting happens in the Fall and I won’t have any MSF grades to report would that undergrad gpa keep holding me back ?
Yes, it could. But a high GMAT score might offset it a bit.
Hi Brian,
Thanks for the useful article. I graduated from a top 20 US college with BA in Econ and GPA 3.8/4.0. I have roughly two year experience, one and half year in US Big 4 advisory and currently working as a credit analyst in a local bank in Singapore. I have a GRE of 323 and I really want to switch to a top-tier IB through the MSF program. Will the MSF help me in this sense? What do you think I should highlight when I apply for the MSF?
If you can get into a top MSF program, yes, potentially it will help you. We don’t focus on admissions to these programs on this site, but point out the client-facing work you did and how it translates into other front-office roles and try to come across as a human with interests and some unique points that others won’t have.
Brief About myself:
My name is shubhashish sharma and I am a CFA Charterholder, Ive done my 3 year bachelors wih a 3 GPA and have about 4.5 years of work experience in asset management and tax litigation. My gmat score is 640 and I want to pursue a MSF from a good university , what are my odds?
You would probably need a better GMAT or GRE test score to have a shot at a top MSF program (GPA will be an issue as well), but we don’t specialize in MSF admissions, so I can’t really say.
Hi Brian,
Here is a brief of my profile before I post my question:
1) Bachelors in Electrical Engineering from a Top 100 Engineering college in India, GPA = 7.1/10, 2009-2013
2) Worked in steel manufacturing and power service sector as an Electrical Engineer, 2013-2016
3) Did PGDM (equivalent to an MBA but not MBA as such) from IIM Kozhikode (a Top 10 MBA institute in India), GPA = 3.0/4.33, 2016-2018
4) Working as an Analyst in IB Pitchbook (Industrials sector) backoffice in Bank of America Continuum in India, 2018-Present
I am planning to keep working in my current profile till 2020, so that makes a 2 years of finance experience and 3 years of non-finance experience.
My question: I am really confused in choosing between an MBA (maybe my second MBA) or a MFin course?
Also, I am interested in applying to the Top 10 universities in Finance for both the cases/degrees above.
If I do an MBA, I can have a wide variety of choices in terms of colleges and a life time opportunity to study in colleges like HBS or Stanford, if at all I get in.
If I choose MFin, I go into a specailized Finance course and complete my degree in less time and also spend less. Further, I will be eligible for an OPT of 1+2 years (considering I want to work in US for some years, this is very important to me) since MFin is a STEM course. However, MFin is a course mostly for freshers or with little work experience candidates.
Thus, considering that I have a 2+3 years of work ex and a PGDM degree already should I go for MFin or MBA?
Thank you in advance.
Note: I am determined to work in the finance industry, mostly IB but also open to work in other roles like Portfolio Manager or Equity Analyst or Corporate Finance, etc. or even a consultant in the finance sector. However, I wish to work in the US or UK market only right after I graduate.
A Master’s degree is not a good option for you at this stage if you already have that much work experience. The MSF is more for recent grads and people with less than 1-2 years of work experience. Otherwise, you’re over-qualified for entry-level IB roles. So… the short answer is that you should go for a top MBA.
Thank you Brian for your valuable guidance.
Hi Brian,
I just started MSc in Finance after working for the last 3 years. For my undergrad I did BA in Accounting, then completed 1 year internship in the finance dept of Microsoft, following that I worked in one of the Big 4 (In their Data analytics team) firms for 2 years, where I also completed my professional accounting exams. As I came from a non target school, I felt that a MSF will boost my prestige as mentioned in your article and help me to get into IB. Given that I don’t have any prior IB experience, would you recommend that I first try to win a summer or off-cycle internship to get my foot in the door or should focus on full time analyst roles. I am based in Europe and am primarily looking at London.
Thank you in advance!
You should probably start with a summer or off-cycle internship because you won’t be that competitive for full-time roles without one of those first. And London tends to be a good place to win off-cycle internships, especially if you find smaller firms that are open to it.
Hi Brian. Thanks a lot for doing this site and the article. I graduated university from a local school in a developing country, with low GPA (2.5), and I have one year of work experience as an Equity Analyst in an insurance company.
I’m planning to go for a fairly well-known Master in Finance program in Canada to re-brand my profile, in terms of school and GPA and leverage that for a chance to break into investment banking in Canada. Could you comment on what are the odds like in my situation?
If you want to stay and work in Canada, not great because the market is small and very competitive. If you can use the experience to move to a larger market such as the U.S. or U.K., you have a better shot.
Thanks a lot for the advice. I always thought U.S and U.K market would be more competitive.
Hi Brian,
Given how early recruiting happens now, is it practical for an undergraduate senior to apply for summer internships if he is planning to do a one-year MSF afterwards? MSF acceptances happen later throughout the school year so I’m not sure what I can put on my resume or “eduation” section of online applications to communicate to HR that I intend to have one more schooling. If they see that I am a senior in college, would they just automatically ding me?
I think you could do that, yes, though the later acceptance date for MSF programs makes it a bit tricky. Maybe you can just list the MSF program under your current undergrad institution and say that your graduation date is one year later, but you haven’t committed to a specific program yet, though you will soon. I think as long as your real graduation date is clear, you should be fine.
Hi Brian,
I am a huge fan of your website. I’m a 2018 summer graduate from a large university in Texas majoring in mechanical engineering. I’ve had two BB internships in NYC and didn’t receive a return offer in banking last summer (2017). I’ve interviewed at several banks over the past year and can’t land an offer anywhere. I’m debating whether to enroll in an MSF program or getting a CFA Level 1 certification. Any advice on what I should do next?
It’s hard to say because I’m not sure why you didn’t receive a return offer or why you haven’t won offers elsewhere. But in general, the CFA is not that useful if you have already had multiple IB internships. An MSF could be useful if something specific, like low grades, is preventing you from winning offers, and you need to improve your profile.
Hi Brian,
What is your opinion on one getting a second bachelors in Finance?
Second bachelor’s degrees are generally not worth it unless you need one to delay graduation for some reason (which also generally isn’t worth it).
Hi, Brian
Thanks for the article. I am 30 year old girl, having 7 years of experiance in banking industry mainly in corporate credit. Planning to get in MBA school or Masters in Finance, so that can get entry in Investment banking. How do you suggest ? Is it too late to go to bussiness school or for MSF at this age? i dont have finance related degree / certification. I did my graduation in agriculture science but fortunately got chance to work in bank.
Thanks
Yes, it’s too late for an MSF. An MBA could still work but only if you get into one of the top schools.
Hey Brian,
I just finished my Australian undergrad in finance, non-target school with a 2.9 GPA (improved towards the end but anchored by earlier struggles). I’m looking to get into an analyst position at a hedge fund as a long term goal. Would a Masters in a target school still be useless in this case? I really feel like i need something to boost my competitiveness on paper.
Thanks.
I wouldn’t say it’s “useless,” but you probably need more than that to have a good shot at HF roles, especially since the HF industry is quite small in Australia. You’ll probably have to go to North America or Europe, get some solid public markets experience, and complete the CFA or a top Master’s program to have a good shot.
Hi Brian
I am an IT project manager with 14 years of experience and now i want to switch to the world of Investment banking. I know it sounds crazy but so is life. I was wondering if you could give few pointers on how to get started, at one point i was contemplating of taking on a master program in finance, however given their qualification requirement, I literally don’t stand a chance, given that i don’t have a degree or any work experience in Finance. So i was wondering how can i self teach myself in getting the basics and foundation in financial modeling, derivative, M&A etc. To know how capable i am with the whole thing and from there on in if feel i have the talent for it then i am pretty confident that i will manage to break in to this industry somehow. Let me know if you could guide me to some foundation books or any other medium.
Regards
SP
I don’t think that’s a great idea, as it’s extremely unlikely that you’ll get into the industry with that much work experience.
Your smartest move would be to consider other fields in finance where it’s easier to win offers as a non-traditional candidate. See:
https://mergersandinquisitions.com/how-to-beat-the-intellectual-yet-idiot/
https://mergersandinquisitions.com/too-old-for-finance/
Hi Brian,
I just got accepted into a target Masters in Management program in the US. I work as a Fortune 75 Financial Advisor. I have no IB internship so probably can’t get an IB job out of the gate. What jobs should I go for that I can use to lateral to IB after a couple years?
Independent valuation firm, Big 4 firm, maybe corporate development or corporate finance.
At the Big 4, I should go for valuation roles?
Yes
Thanks for the advice Brian. What is the job title for valuation roles?
Analyst? Try searching on LinkedIn to get ideas.
Hi Brian, I am a 1st year student at a non-target UK university. I got grades BBC at A level, but I have a Corp Fin internship lined up this summer at a small, local firm. Should I try to leverage my internship and apply for BB summer 2019 internships with such low grades/non-target university, or just focus on getting into a top MSF and breaking into IB that way?
If you’re still a 1st year student, you still have plenty of time, so you should not give up on IB yet. Also, you’d be applying for summer 2020 internships likely next year. You should at least try that and see what happens before committing to a top MSF and spending even more time/money on it.
Thing is, because I’m at a UK university doing a 3 year degree, my penultimate internship would be in 2019. Does this change your advice?
No. Low A-Levels will hurt you, but if you have at least a 2:1 in university, you should still apply for internships. An MSF is only worth it if you got started very late (which is not you since you have the corporate finance internship this year) or if nothing else has worked out.
Thank you very much the article, it definitely relates to my current situation. I’m currently enrolled in an online MSF program, and was wondering if there is any stigma in the industry about web based degrees?
Some, but the bigger issue is whether or not an online MSF program will give you access to recruiters and companies. That’s the main benefit of any degree, including an MSF.
Hey! Great Article and information. What would you suggest to a Swiss citizen student studying Computer Science and Business at a semi-target in England? I have had a spring week insight at a BB and am in line for a summer internship at the same BB. I want to do a Masters in the US to help me break into that region and also want to complete my education.
Thanks for your help
I’m not sure I understand your question. Your plan is reasonable, and it sounds like you’re already in good shape to work in banking. For international students in the U.S., please see this article for more:
https://mergersandinquisitions.com/international-student-investment-banking/
Hi Brian,
Great article as always. Unfortunately, I’m in the “pre-med biology degree” category that you mentioned. Graduated in 2015 and I’ve been working as a medical scribe. Long story short, I’ve found the medicine isn’t the right path for me. Since you don’t recommend going into a MSF at least straight away, what would be the most reasonable path for me to break into finance? I was thinking finding any sort of Finance internship. Thoughts?
At this point, you would probably need an MBA to have a realistic shot of getting into investment banking because you’ve been out of school for several years already. You might be able to win other finance-related roles if you can learn the basics on your own and network aggressively. See: https://mergersandinquisitions.com/medical-school-to-investment-banking/
I’m thinking of getting a Master’s in finance in Canada.. I have a degree in engineering with 2.9/5 gpa in Nigeria. How do you suggest that I go about it? Thanks
??? I’m not sure what you’re asking. Apply to various programs, complete the requirements, and… get in.
Brian,
Thanks for the article. Very useful as I decide whether this degree makes sense. I’d love your thoughts on whether this degree makes sense for me. I gradated with finance degree, 3.1 gpa, from a top 40 semi-target (many of those with 3.5+ and networking are now working at top investment banks). I had a boutique IB internship as a junior, however, I didn’t network in school and ended up nowhere in the recruiting period. I am now almost 2 years out of school working as an analyst at a commercial bank and feel like I am not gaining any skills that I could sell in an interview as to why I’m a good fit for an IB analyst. I am wondering if you think the MSF program could benefit me, assuming a finish with a 3.5+ GPA and network throughout my time? My thinking is that it could give me a chance to somewhat reset on grades and gain the modeling/excel skills that I can sell for an analyst position. I also was wondering if you knew anything about the reputation of the program at the University of Maryland?
Yes, an MSF program could help you, but you need to move quickly because once you go beyond 2-3 years of experience, it’s difficult to win Analyst-level offers. I don’t know much about the program at Maryland, but you should check sites that do rankings and reviews.
Hi Brian,
I’m a long time lurker here and your site has definitely helped me out, but I’d like your advice for my situation. I’m currently a graduating senior at a semi target undergrad school, economics major, with only one current internship as a private equity intern at a small search fund. I got into the investment banking game super late because I was shooting for law since I was 15 and realized this December in the middle of my LSAT that I didn’t want to do law, i just wanted to do M&A. Realizing this I was super late to the game and wasted all 4 years working not networking or really applying to IB internships or roles. My background in terms of work experience is that I have a Research position from a FX firm, and a PE internship rn. No job opportunities lined up after graduation this may. I’m looking at MIT, NYU, Columbia, and my current school Baruch for MSF programs but don’t what my next step should be. Any insight into my journey would be much appreciated!
You should apply to those programs, get in, and then complete another internship before it begins or during the program. And then start networking with alumni at banks to win internships. I’m not sure about the timing for 1-year programs because summer internship recruiting for undergrads now takes place over a year in advance… but I assume they can’t possibly do that for 1-year programs.
Hey Brian,
great article! I am having a really tough time trying to figure out the right course of action in my case and I would love it if you could give me some input if you find the time:
I am originally from Germany, but completed my undergraduate degree in the US as an international student. I didn’t focus as much as I should have during undergrad and my GPA is less than stellar. (first, community college, then UCSD – Cumulative GPA from both schools: 3.03)
After college, I did a marketing internship at a big media corporation and worked full-time in PR for one year. After that, because my family needed my help, I returned to Germany and worked in my family’s business as a sales consultant for 1.5 years.
Now, my dream is to get an offer as an Associate at an IB firm after my (US!) MBA which I will start in Fall 2020. I have already taken the GMAT (780 – Q50), am about to finish UCLA Extension’s Finance Certificate with a 4.0 GPA and was wondering what to do, not only to best position myself for MBA applications but also for the recruiting period afterwards.
Do you think in my case it would be wise to add another academic credential, such as a Master’s in Finance or Economics given my low undergrad GPA? Aside from a Master’s – What type of positions should I apply for? Should I just stay at the family business and try to get a PE or IB internship somewhere? Or should I try to get some full-time experience under my belt, even if it will only be for around 1.5 years?
I am trying to figure out how to best approach this situation now that I still have some time before I start my MBA. I would love it if you could give me some input.
Thanks in advance!
If you’re already going to complete an MBA at a top school, a Master’s degree in something else won’t matter. The #1 thing you need to do is win a pre-MBA internship that’s related to finance, or get some other work experience that’s related. It will be very tough to win a full-time role, but firms are often open to short internships before your MBA program begins. I’m not sure how common it is in Germany, so you may have to be in the US to complete that part. There are some tips on pre-MBA internships here: https://mergersandinquisitions.com/pre-mba-internship-hedge-fund/
Hello,
I am in my final semester of undergrad(Bachelors of Science in Eco, Maths and Stats) in India.
I have completed my CFA L1 and I am now joining AIG as an Actuarial Analyst.
I want to eventually get into investment banking and hence want to do my masters in finance, preferably in Europe.
What are my chances of getting a job in that field in Europe? And also would MBA be a better option?
(I dont want to study Management though)
Impossible to say without knowing all your stats, but if you attend a top MSF program, you should have a decent shot. An MBA is not necessary unless you spend more than a few years working full-time.
Hey Brain,
I have come across this site recently and find it really helpful and inspiring for career changer! Thank you for the fabulous work you and your team have down!
I’m a recent law graduate from Taiwan with Corporate Finance internship experience at ICBC and Economy Research internship experience at our local government during my undergraduate. Currently I’m serving the army and scheduled to study in MiM (master in management) program at a target school in the Netherlands this summer. Besides, I have secured an internship at a local VC, in which I’ll join the team for half year soon after my service ends. Due to my background, I couldn’t and didn’t apply for MSF (I have very very limited business related credits so I’m not even qualify for most of the application requirements).
However, I came up with some MSF programs which don’t required any previous academic experience several days ago. The programs are MSF at Nova SBE from Portugal and Frankfurt School of Finance and Management from Germany (this one is required to attend the bridge course though).
Now I’m quite confused. Whether I should stick to my offer and go for MiM or start applying both MSF programs, I have no idea.
My first thought is: I have to undertake huge risks since both Portugal and Germany need local languages to even earn internships while the Netherlands has better shot without knowing much about dutch.
What would you suggest? Would appreciate hearing your opinions!
You should attend the best school you can get into. In theory, the local language is not required in the Netherlands, but in practice, banks there still heavily favor local interns for roles. It’s better if you use the Netherlands MiM program to apply to roles in London.
(Sorry for the typos in my first post, I should double check before I post…)
Really thank you for the prompt reply! Then I will go for RSM and forget about the MSF stuff. I read your article “Stuff Investment Bankers Don’t Like: 2016 Edition” and knew your opinion of learning a new language, but due to some personal reasons, I would like to live in the Netherlands for 5 ~ 10+ years so learning Dutch should be my option. Thank you once again, Brian! Hopefully, I can land a decent job there and come back to share my story with you and others:)
Hi Brian,
I am in 3rd year out of a 4 year business degree in a semi-target university. I have 2 BO internships up until now, the most recent in a top BB. Networked my way into getting a final round interview in IBD for a summer internship in the BB but just missed out. Would a Msc Finance be a good route to take in a top-uni when I finish undergrad, and therefore I would be able to apply for summer internships next year 2019 after graduating pre MSC.
Thanks!
Yes, assuming you’d rather do that than start working in a different company/group and then try to lateral over to IB.
Hi Brian,
I majored in Psychology but took Financial Accounting, MIS, Microecon, and Calc 1 and also did a project coordinator internship at a nonprofit my freshman year. I have no finance experience but worked in Retail Sales and worked as a Pharmacy Technician at a top Pharmacy. I graduated in May 2017 and haven’t gotten a finance job yet. Should I do an MSF if I want to break into IB?
You need better internship experience. Even with an MSF, Retail Sales isn’t enough to get you in. If you can somehow get front-office finance experience and get into a top MSF program, yes, that is the best way for you to break into IB at the moment.
Thanks for the reply Brian. I think I can get into a top MSF, but given my background, how do I go about getting front-office finance experience before the MSF?
Network, cold call, pound the pavement, see all the case studies here on students who used cold calling/emailing/alumni networking to win internships… search for pre-MBA internship to get ideas…
Hi, just looking for some advice.
I currently have 4 years as an Investment Banker in a local bank in my country, I live in Panama. I have a local BA degree and a MBA from a well known Latinamerican school, for Latin America we could say “Im well school branded”. However Im looking to jump into a big bank or firm. These are my two options as of now: 1. Im thinking on going into a MSF program such as LBS or John Hopkins so I can get an international brand behind me or 2. simply apply trusting my current IB experience and my current degrees.
What do you recommend from the latter?
Thanks!
I would do #2 first, and if that doesn’t work or you cannot get responses after ~6 months, go for #1.
Hi Brian, I am an international student majoring in Industrial Engineering from a University in Florida (Non-Target here in states) and from a good University in Colombia (It is a Dual Degree Program GPA: 3.5). I am also studying for the CFA level 1 and preparing for an internship that I will have at an IB Op next year. My goal for the future is to be at an Investment Bank again but working on a finance-related position but the issue is that right now much of my background is from industrial engineering and this is the first internship I will be doing here in USA. My options right now are 1) striving to get the full offer after the internship in Op and trying to move inside to another division or 2) applying to a Master in Finance Program and then reaching a summer internship again but this time in a finance-related position hoping for the full-time. What would you do in my case if you have the industrial engineering background, already interned at the company but want to move inside to a finance related position? Thank you !!
I would say #2 is better because it is pretty difficult to move from a full-time role in operations into a front-office job. It would be easier if you were just doing an internship and you wanted to switch to an internship elsewhere.
Hi Brian,
If you’re reading this, I would really appreciate some input on my situation. I’m a senior CS/Finance double major at a well known but non-target US undergrad with a pretty decent GPA (about 3.7). I originally wanted to work in a startup, but after taking a futures & options course with a former investment banker I became really interested in pursuing IBD and eventually working my way into PE and VCs- maybe someday becoming the CFO of another startup.
Problem is that I have basically 0 Finance experience- worked on a tech startup for 2 years and then some technical internships. I tried to get an internship at BBs and regional boutiques and such last year but as far as I could tell I wasn’t even considered. I’m basically the nightmare version of the #2 situation in your Engineering to Investment Banking article.
I’ve landed here because my plan has been to rebrand myself by applying to some top Msc Finance programs like Said, LSE, MIT, etc. I’m really worried because I don’t have the IBD internship experience that all the people on the class profiles seem to have. Additionally, I’m from a non-target with a GPA that’s not exactly close to a 4.0. I’ve been studying for the GMAT and practice results look pretty solid (always been good at standardized tests), but is there even a score that exists that can make up for my shortcomings, like say 750+ (or would I need a 770+?)? What’s the best thing I should be doing right now, with deadlines looming around the corner? Do you have any advice on crafting a good story for the admissions officers for someone like me?
Thanks for your time and excellent article!
I would act like it was your plan all along to combine finance with engineering, and say that you did the startup internships to hone in on the specific area in which you want to combine finance and tech innovations. Say that you want to learn more about Topic X in the MSF program so you can use technology to innovate in that area, and don’t even act like you want to do IB. Then, try to get some type of school-year internship at a small bank, PE fund, search fund, or real estate fund, and leverage that experience and the MSF program to recruit for IB roles.
Thanks for the reply!
You said “don’t even act like you want to do IB,” which worries me because most people doing Msc Finance programs want to break into IB and these Msc Finance programs seem almost designed to feed into IB. I just don’t want the admissions person to be scratching their head wondering why I’m applying to their program.
That is just so your application sounds more believable. What you tell the admissions committee doesn’t have to match up to how you’re planning to use the program. And you can always say you want to work in some other area of finance with more overlap with technology (maybe check the placement stats and see what people typically do afterward).
Hi Brian,
Brilliant article! My case is a little different: I have just secured a FT IBD offer at a US bank (think GS, JPM, MS) and would be very interested in moving to the buy-side in a couple of years.
I have a spot for a MSc in Finance at one of the top European schools you mentioned but given the high tuition and one of your previous articles (https://mergersandinquisitions.com/) on what do to after getting the offer, I am not sure whether the Masters would help me in any way with buy-side recruiting.
For background, I have a bachelors degree from a slightly lesser known university with a finance specialisation and a very high GPA.
Do you think the MSc in Finance would give me an edge during buy-side recruiting season?
Thanks a lot for your help!
No. It’s not worth it if you already have an IBD offer at a top bank.
Hi Bryan,
Thanks for your advice! I’m really interested in investment banking. I started college as a Computational Physics major and then switched to Finance in my last year (discovered my flair for the capital markets a little late). I graduated with a BSc. Computational Physics and BSc. Finance (both in 3rd tier US colleges US News rank: 100+). I spent very little time in B-school (1.5 years) because I’d already taken all my gen eds. I think this worked against me in college recruiting because I had 3 summers work of experimental physics lab experience and corporate science research, while my mates already had internships in Goldman Sachs / Morgan Stanley PWM. I only managed to secure aN internship in KPMG advisory Kenya. After graduation (summer 2016), I gained experience in wealth management at 2 itsy bitsy unknown boutiques in NY and Kenya (where I’m from). I spent 6 months in each boutique (red flag? :( ) before accepting a role in PWC strategy consulting in Kenya, which I started a week ago. I was taken on as a generalist and have indicated my interest in Financial Services. My issue is that I don’t know how my profile will work for an MSF. I’m targeting Sloan, Vandy, and WashU or I’ll forget about the MSF altogether. (I need the STEM designation). Will my switch to consulting throw the adcoms off? Will they doubt my seriousness about Finance? Can I circle back into IBD after consulting? I sought out the PWC consulting role because BB IB barely exists in Kenya and I didn’t want to get stuck in no-name wealth management. It’s also really important to me to get international IB exposure and to
work on big deals that I won’t be exposed to working in Kenya. Also, all the major PE/VCs were basically only hiring ex-IBankers. PE/VC is my post-IB goal.
PS- Finance GPA:3.78 Computationa Physics GPA: 3.1
Decent leadership and extracurricular experience
GRE: 65th % quant, 85th% verbal, 5 written
Please advise me on whether or not you think an MSF will help get me into Goldman IBD given my profile. Thanks! :)
An MSF will help, but it’s still a bit of a stretch to aim for Goldman IBD with your profile. Other candidates simply have more internship experience. The consulting experience is less of an issue than the fact that you became interested in the field very late. You should probably not focus on the biggest banks because it’s always tough to get in, and even more so if you need visa sponsorship and you don’t have much work experience. It would be more plausible to get into a mid-sized bank.
Hi Brian,
Thanks for your response. Really appreciate your advice. Could you share a list of these mid-size banks, please? Do you mean the middle market banks like Jefferies, William Blair, Piper Jaffray etc? Do you know which are the most h1b friendly of the lot?
Also, could you please advise me on what to do at this stage to get into Goldman? Or do
my visa issues make my chances next to nil? I plan to retake the GRE to make me more competitive.
Thanks.
https://mergersandinquisitions.com/top-investment-banks/
You can answer your other questions with a simple site search (search for international, visa, etc.) or by going to the “Get Started” page.
Hi Brian,
Sort of a tangential question, but. I’m currently a fixed income analyst covering the energy sector at a small shop (under 20 front office people). I want to be in credit long term, but at a bigger shop so that I can build a network to (possibly) eventually start a credit or distressed hedge fund. Would you recommend trying to get into IB? (DCM or Rx) Or can I make the jump from my current position? And also, how much experience should I have before I make a move?
Thanks
I don’t think IB would be helpful if your goal is to start your own credit investment fund eventually. It would be easier to move to a larger fund and then go from there. I don’t know the requirements for starting your own firm, but usually to start a hedge fund you need at least several years of audited results, and even then, raising money is exceptionally difficult. You have a better chance if you do it with team members from an existing firm.
Hi Brian,
Is it still possible for me to break into investment banking? I’m 25 y/o right now, majoring in Sociology. Just finished community college with a 2.9 GPA. I know that’s very bad. When I transfer to a cal state university I plan to keep a gpa of 3.8+ so the two gpas together will average out to about 3.4. I’ll be about 28 y/o when I finish my bachelor’s degree. I plan to apply to top business schools afterward to get a MBA. Would it be better if I change my major from sociology to business? I’ll have to stay at community college for another year to finish the business major required class in order to transfer. Thank you.
To have any chance at all, you need a much higher GPA and something much better than a community college, which in California basically means Stanford, Berkeley, UCLA, or USC. So if you can get into one of those and get a much higher GPA, yes, and yes, you need to change your major to something more relevant.
Hi Brian,
Thanks for a great article and the your great career support!
I have completed my undergraduate in a top uk uni (graduated first class), 2 summer internships in bulge bracket banks in London (not IB division but AM), Internships from EM and numerous leadership positions and founder of programmes related to finance etc. at university.
I am now really torn between the LSE finance and PE programme (this seems to be the most competitive one), the oxford MFE and MIT Finance. Given I’m European and the us option is so expensive it’s probably better to go with the former two? I’m keen on joining a top consulting firm like Bain &Co after graduation and then venture into VC. My long term goal is to start my own company. If appropriate I would like to do a top US MBA after two years of working. If consulting doesn’t work out I would go into IBD for the the first two years.
It’s also crucial that I pick the option with most prestige as my undergrad (although one of world best in niche area) is not at all known in the finance/corporate sector. I need a course that will provide the best recruiting opportunities and alumna and prestige that open doors in the long run. The oxford option has the name but LSE is the go-to in financial industry? Bear in mind that I do not want to stay in financial industry long run – more entrepreneur and VC.
I would be very grateful if you could provide some insights on this decision.
If you want to work in Europe, pick one of the European programs. But you seem to be all over the place career-wise (Finance? Consulting? VC? Your own company?), so you should probably narrow that down first as those are all completely different industries. LSE is better for finance recruiting, which matters more than plans years or decades away (as you’ll probably change your mind again ~27 times between now and then).
Hi Brian,
I have recently been accepted into the LSE MSc in Accounting and Finance program and have enrolled to attend classes in September this year.
I am 24 years old and have graduated from a top 10 commerce college from India and have also successfully completed the Chartered Accountancy course (equivalent to the US CPA or ACCA). As a part of this course, students are mandatorily required to work full time for 3 years which I did in PwC in their audit department.
After this, I decided to switch to Investment Banking and therefore did a 6 month internship at a top boutique investment bank in India. To gain some experience on the buy-side, I did another internship at a PE firm for 3 months as well.
I will be going for the LSE course as mentioned above and have decided to enter the recruitment process for IBD in London and want to work there itself. Other than the known visa issues, can you please guide me on whether I am a suitable candidate for an Analyst position in IBD at a top bank or a boutique London bank. And also what can I do to further improve my chances and focus on those areas where I lack ? I have mostly an accounting qualification with audit work experience and am going for an accounting and finance programme rather than a finance only programme.
Also, I plan to choose only finance electives during my course and therefore will get an MSc in Accounting and Finance in Finance specialization degree.
Yes, you have a good chance at IB roles in London assuming your grades and standardized test scores are also good. At this point, it will come down to networking since you already have experience and the LSE name. Getting an internship in London might also help because some bankers “discount” experience in India and other developing countries.
Thank you Brian. I’m 39 years old with 11years work experience gained from a small accounting firm and commercial banking in Nigeria. I’m planning to get Msc in finance and management from cranfield school of management.
I want to change career from commercial banking. Considering my age and years of experience, which career do you think I should change to? Thank you once again.
I would review some of the options for older/more experienced candidates here:
https://mergersandinquisitions.com/too-old-for-finance/
Hi Brian, thanks for the article.
I’m 26, French undergrad BA in top 10 French business school, minor in finance. Masters in international business in top Latam Business School, with 3 years working experience in corporate finance at fortune 500 companies (some M&A exposure for a year as an investment valuation analyst, then controlling and treasury management jobs).
I’m currently living in Mexico, and now want to break into IB, so I’m a “career changer” as you label it (I’ve read your article (interview) about IB in Mexico.)
I’m thinking 3 options: 1) Getting an MBA in Europe (INSEAD, HEC, LBS) before I try to get into IB (whether in Europe or in Latin America);
2) Getting a MSFinance in Europe as well (LBS, EDHEC, HEC); or
3) Try in Mexico and do the MBA in 3 to 4 years.
My questions: a/ Which option do you think is best? b/ I suppose options 2 and 3 would land me an intern/analyst job, am I correct? Or am I already too old?
Thanks for your time.
Best regards,
It depends on 1) What level you want to enter at and 2) Where you want to work. The issue with an MBA is that there isn’t much MBA-level recruiting in Latin America. The U.S. has, by far, the most MBA-level recruiting for IB roles, followed by Europe. So an MBA might not help much in LatAm.
If you want to work in Europe, #1 or #2 are probably your best options. Three years of work experience might be too much to be an Analyst, so a 1-year MBA such as the one at INSEAD might be a better option at this point.
Hi Brian. I have 3 questions:
1. Between MFin and MBA, which is better if i plan to land an analyst role in HF? (buy side role)
2. I realised that most of the ivy league and top US uni offers MBA but not MFin(besides Princeton and M.I.T). If I can’t secure a place in Princeton and M.I.T. Is it a better option for me to go for a MFin in lessor known school or MBA in top school?
3. Does joining a MFin programme in UK university put me at a disadvantage compare to the MBA graduates from top US school if my plan is to work in a US HF?
Thanks a lot in advance
1) MFin because MBA-level hiring is not as well-developed at hedge funds
2) MBA at a top school
3) Yes, you’re better off doing a program in the US if you want to work there afterward
Thank you so much!
Hello Brian, it was a great article and I think it is really helpful. I’m a south american student, with a BA in Economy, and I’ve some work experience in finance related companies (more specifically in the real estate business, 3 years). I want to work in venture capital/private equity and I’m willing to apply to a MSF next year. Do you think it would be a good idea to apply to a top school for a MSF, or wait a little and pursue a top local MBA program in order to get into this world?
With 3 years of work experience, it’s tougher to say, but I would go for an MSF first and then downplay what you did so you can still apply for Analyst-level roles. It might work if you focus on real estate private equity firms or something else real estate-related.
Hi Brian,
Thank you for the article. I’m an international student, currently studying in one of the top business schools in Singapore. I want to be a trader and was wondering if the MFin is the best programme to apply for if I can’t break into the industry upon graduation.
Background: 2 internships, one in the dealing room and the other in corporate banking. Major in Finance, with CFA level I attained.
Regards.
Yes
Hi Brian,
I went to a top 15 US university for undergrad and had an internship with wealth management, but decided to pursue IB in my senior year. I was accepted into HEC’s MSc in International Finance program, and LBS’s Masters in Financial Analysis program and would appreciate any advice regarding which program would be better for positioning myself for an IB role in either New York or London.
I’m struggling because LBS has the better international reputation outside of the US, but the MFA program is 3 years old and has no placement statistics. HEC’s program is highly ranked and has a good track record, but does not have the same international reputation as LBS.
As a side note, I’m also not a US or an EU/UK citizen, but I speak French.
Thank you in advance
Both of those will be far more useful in London than in New York. If you’re using the program primarily to get into investment banking, and you know a European language and want to work in London, I would say HEC is a slightly better bet for the reasons you mentioned (placement stats, rankings, shorter program length).
Hi Brian,
What are your thoughts on the Masters in Finance at London Business School (LBS).
I should mention – it is a POST employment qualification for those with 2-3 years of experience under their belt? My understanding is that LSE’s may be PRE employment.
Elliot
Others have already asked about it – please see the comments here:
https://mergersandinquisitions.com/investment-banking-masters-programs/comment-page-5/#comments
Hello Brian, you write :
“Access to Internships – You’ll also have an easier time winning internships before and during the school year if you contact firms and say you’re an incoming or current MSF student at University X.”
I finished my bachelor with top grades from a non target albeit top public UNI in Italy in Economics, the problem is that i have just a summer Internship, finance related but albeit a relatively unknown company
I have been admitted to LSE and HEC Msc in Finance so my question is.
Can i apply for an internship position in an upcoming summer spinning the fact that i am a future student at a Target or it doesn’t count until i am enrolled since i don’t have much previous experience and my UG is not a Target for IB.
Yes, you can say that you’ll be an incoming student at LSE or HEC and apply to internships like that.
Hi Brian,
Thanks a lot for sharing this. I currently have offers to attend Oxford University (MSc Financial Economics) and LSE(MSc Finance and Private Equity). My goal is to land an offer at a bulge bracket in London and move on the buy side at some point.
I am struggling to make a decision since although LSE seems to have a better program and placement for finance, the Oxford brand name is unbeatable.
Would really appreciate any advice or information that might help me make my decision.
Thanks,
Khaled
I think LSE is slightly better specifically for IB recruiting, but both are about the same.
Hello, I would like to ask:
1) In the UK, are these considered ‘target’ school: City University Cass, Cranfield School of Management, and Alliance Manchester Business School? I am thinking of applying for MSc Finance here.
2) How reliable are the ranking tables, such as the Financial Times and eFinancialCareers ones?
Thank you.
1) I believe Cass is, the others less so.
2) They’re directionally correct, but you should always speak with students at the school AKA real people you speak with in-person and not random idiots on the Internet like me or the people who create those lists, before you make a decision.
Thank you!
Hey Brain I was wondering how does Master students actually break into IBD. Do they apply for SA or FT recruiting. Are they even allowed to apply for SA roles? If so, given that banks recruit so early by the time they recruit masters student just started the program does not have a GPA. Is this a problem? I’m study in a 1.5 years masters in quant and management related area at a target school.
Thank you for your time!
It depends on the timing and graduation date of the program. If it lasts over the summer (e.g., start date in January and graduation in December), then yes, students can apply for summer roles. If it’s a 2-year program, they can also do the same. The lack of a GPA in the Master’s program doesn’t matter because you can refer them to your undergrad GPA.
Hi Brian,
I’m a 24 year old Spanish guy. 2015 UAM university Business undergrad. During my last undergrad year I did a 6 month internship in Trade Finance at JPM in Madrid. Right after finishing my undergrad, I still worked there for a year and a half as a full time role and I decided to quit last March. Last Dec, I passed CFA Lvl 1, and aiming Lvl 2 this June. In March, I quitted for two reasons:
– I considered more experience on that role was not helping me at all on learning and actually harming as I realized I was getting “type-casted” in Trade finance.
– two more months of experience won’t make a difference on my CV but they are making a difference it to study better for the exam.
I’m currently applicating for full time IB/CF related job offers as well as for MiF(IE, Esade, LSE). In the scenario I’m accepted to these job offers, should I accept them and pospone the MiF to next year so I have a “close to one year” full time experience on an IB/CF role? Would this help to get into an analyst position after finishing the masters, Or would it be considered too much work experience (3 years -2 years in Trade Finance and 1 year in CF- ) for analyst entry applications after finishing the masters? I would be 26 by then. (London and Madrid would be my preferred options)
Or should I wait for an MBA if I gain any of these roles and get more than 1 year experience in CF?
Thank you for the advice.
If you win any of those roles, it’s best just to drop the Master’s degree, work in one of those roles for a 1-2 years, and do an MBA. 3 years of full-time work experience is pushing it for Master’s programs because that’s too much to be hired as an Analyst in a lot of cases.
Hey Brian,
I was recently accepted into LSE’s MSc in Finance program, and am set to start this coming September. My short-term career goal after graduation is to join a BB/EB investment bank in London or Singapore.
Upon speaking with current LSE students, however, I am beginning to question whether a MSc in Finance from LSE is right for me. I have been told numerous times that recruiting in London is especially difficult for non-UK/EU students. As a non-EU international from Canada, I have to say that hearing such feedback from multiple LSE students concerns me to say the least.
Given my background (shared below), do you think it’s a good idea for me to commit the time and money to pursue a MSc in Finance at LSE? If so, how do you think I should best prepare myself before I start the program in September.
Also, if I do decide to pursue my masters at LSE, do you think I should apply for FT positions or SA positions?
Background:
– B.A in International Studies/ minor in Economics from a Top 10 US University (Graduated Dec 2016)
– GPA 3.73/4.00; GMAT 730
– Have been interning at a MM PE firm for the past five months (Private Equity Intern)
– Completed Junior year internship at Macquarie Capital (Investment Banking Intern)
– Completed Sophomore year internship at L.E.K Consulting (Research Analyst)
Thank you for sharing your insights.
The issue with LSE is that it’s not that useful if you want to work in the U.S./Canada/other regions as most recruiting is London-focused. So the answer to your question is: “Are you 100% set on working in London? If so, then LSE is a good bet.” If not, consider other options.
You’ll probably have to apply for internships and then eventually a full-time role.
I am in a similar situation. As Commonwealth citizens, Canadians are eligible to sponsor themselves under the Youth Mobility visa. Hence, you can state that you are eligible to work in UK when applying to internships.
Hi Brian,
I have been working in a middle office role at a bulge bracket for almost 3 years now and graduated from a non-target university with a major in market. While working full time, I have passed level 1 of the CFA and will be attempting level 2 this June. I have tried to make the transition into IBD through the internal mobility route twice now, but ended up getting screened out after two or three rounds both times.
I was accepted into the University of Utah’s MSF program and am in discussions with two smaller local IBD firms about internships during the school year. I’m debating if it would be better to spend another year in my current role and then go for an MBA from a school with a better reputation or to pull the trigger on the MSF & IBD internships. What would you recommend?
I would do the MSF and complete the IBD internships because it’s cheaper/faster than going for an MBA at a top school.
Although I’m not sure if there’s any recruiting at the University of Utah – check on that first. If there’s no recruiting there or most banks don’t have a presence on campus, there’s no point.
Very helpful. Thanks!
Hey Brian,
I am currently working in back office for a pension fund company, and completed my under grad from a non target University as well. I have been working for about 4 years now, would you recommend I rebrand myself and hopefully break into the industry by doing the master of finance or a MBA at a top business school in Canada
If you have 4 years of work experience, you will probably need an MBA at this stage. MSF programs lead to Analyst positions, and you probably have too much experience to be an Analyst.
Thanks Brian
Hey Brian, love the website and had a quick question. I come from a non-target school and am currently in my junior year. Just for background, I have an IB internship for the summer set up already. I am trying to decide whether to attend the LSE summer program, and how banks view the summer school. Obviously it isn’t nearly as prestigious, but is it worth the time and money to attend? I’m having a hard time finding quality info on the summer school specifically.
I don’t know about it, but it could be worth it just so you can write a well-known school on your resume. It’s not worth a huge amount to do that (e.g., don’t pay $50K for it), but if it’s a few thousand, it might be worthwhile assuming you can afford it.
Thanks!
Also there isn’t a decision between the internship or the summer school program, the two dont conflict.
Hey Brian,
I’m applying to an MSc in Finance program at LSE and very much fall into the “Not as Useful Category” — I graduated last year from a Top 25 US University w/a BA in political science and a series of internships in politics/media. After graduating I worked in paid media analytics/budgetary resource allocation for presidential campaign and now want to career change into investment banking having taken a few econ/finance classes in undergrad.
Should I get accepted would it be realistic to think I could network my way into a relevant internship in London for the summer before term starts or would I have to wait until fall rolls around?
Potentially, yes, but I think it would be tough to win an internship even at a small firm. Maybe use this type of strategy:
https://mergersandinquisitions.com/private-equity-internship-to-investment-banking-networking/
Hi Brian,
Already wrote here some time around March asking if a big4 internship will be of help in these circumstances:
-Non-target uni, no finance background, non-EU citizen
-Got into a semi-target MSc Finance in the UK (supposed to start September 2017)
-Want to work in M&A in London
Well, I managed to secure the Transaction Advisory Big4 internship (and I am quite happy with how it’s going). Before September, I would also like to score a 2-3 month M&A internship in one of the regional (but well known) investment banks.
Will these 2 internships (about 6 months exp) improve my CV enough to put me in contention for a BB internship in London?
Also, I could not really deduce what kind of impact Brexit will have specifically on M&A jobs. Should I fear hiring freezes, and job cuts?
Thanks a lot for your answers, they are very insightful!
Yes, I think so.
You can’t do anything about geopolitical events, so they’re not worth worrying about. The most likely scenario is that some banking jobs move to Dublin, Frankfurt, Paris, etc. instead of all being centralized in London. But the majority will still be in London.
Hi,
I did my Bachelors in Economics from India, and completed a Masters in Economics from France. And have 2 summer internships in commercial banking and asset management, and a 6 month off cycle internship in Development Finance. Do you think it is a good idea for me to do a second Masters in Finance from a school in Europe to make the switch to Investment Banking in Europe?
I’m not sure how that would help you.if you’ve already had multiple internships and completed a Master’s degree in Europe
Hi Brian, I really need your help in deciding between these 2 programmes:
LSE – MSc Finance
LBS – Master in Financial Analysis
I would really like to break into investment banking, but would also like a school that has a better reputation globally. Your thoughts on this will be very much appreciated. I have a deposit payment due by the weekend. Thanks.
LSE hands down
Hi Brian,
When considering MSF programs how much should location play a factor at the expense of rankings? Schools like Baruch and Fordham are either right in Manhattan or a 25 minute train ride away but are ranked in the 50’s in the TFE Times rankings.
Even though they mention IB/AM in the placement section and even though they are very close to New York City does their low ranking relative to say Georgia State or Rochester Institute of Technology negate those positives?
Location definitely plays a role, but I’m not sure if a good location makes a #50 school into a #5 school. It bumps it up in the rankings, but not necessarily by a dramatic amount. If it comes down to one of those schools vs. the very top programs that might be outside of NYC, the top programs are still better. But those programs might beat mid-ranked programs because of their location.
Hello Brian, I loved your article, i have one question though.I am planning to go to Rotman Management School in Toronto.Will it be worth it. I want to get a job offer from GS or JPM. Should i achieve an MSF or MBA
We responded to your question in the other spots where you asked it…
Thanks for your insight.
I am a Petroleum Engineer from The University of Texas at Austin and have a recent work experience in accounting (1 year) from a smaller company. Overall, my experience is in OFS. I’m accepted in the MSF program for a pretty good private school, and I’m currently studying for the CFA Level I and FRM Level I exams. How can I leverage my energy experience (6 years) with my educational background in finance to land an opportunity as an energy equity research analyst or portfolio manager? Please help. Thank you for your assistance in advance.
You need work experience in finance first. Try to find a local asset management firm, hedge fund, etc. and do research there for a month or two before you start the MSF program. The FRM won’t help much for equity research or portfolio management. The CFA is more useful, but even the CFA won’t help much unless you have more relevant-looking experience before you start the program.
Brian,
Since graduating from Florida State in Applied Economics, I’ve done primary and secondary market research for a private equity consulting firm, and now I’m working in the derivatives operations department at a large custodian bank. By the time I plan on entering grad school, I’ll have been out of undergrad for 4 years with the CFA level I passed and solid Bloomberg experience.
Should I be shooting for an MBA or MSF? Any tips?
Probably an MBA, as 4 years of experience is likely “too much” to be an Analyst. Try to leave before the program starts and do an actual IB/PE/VC pre-MBA internship.
Thank you Brian. With my background, I could likely get into the UMass Amherst MBA program paying only $10,000. But if I could get into the BC MBA program, would it be worth it to pay $100,000? (Assuming I land a solid pre MBA internship and pass the next 2 CFA levels by graduation regardless of the school I attend) Are the networking / recruiting / education opportunities really worth the money if I can get the experience anyway?
I don’t think there’s much IB recruiting at Boston College, so I don’t think it’s worth that much if your main goal is IB. If you want to use an MBA to get into investment banking, it really has to be a top 10-15 program. If you don’t think you can get into one, you could go to a lower-ranked school but you’ll have to aim for non-IB roles or network like crazy and aim for smaller banks.
Hi Brian!
What do you think of Master in Finance program at the London Business School?
Cheers?
Please see the comments below, someone already asked about this.
Dear Brian,
Thanks for your comprehensive article!! I totally agree with most of your opinions and this is also a path that I am planning to walk. I had 1.5 years experience in one of the Big 4 as an auditor already and I am really decisive to enter into an IB. However, I just get a MSc Finance and Accounting from Imperial, which is not a pure finance degree. My worry is that: will such a master help me achieve my target? Btw, my undergraduate is a non-target but not bad school in accounting and finance. I know a master may soly be a ticket for IB’s interview but surely not a guaranteed offer. I am doubting that if such a master can work as MSF.
Appreciate so much if you can come up with some advice.
Regards
Yes, it will help. The fact that it’s Accounting + Finance doesn’t really matter as long as there is a Finance component and you gain access to recruiting.
Hi Brian,
It’s Sumit from India, currently I am doing Chartered accountancy course and I want to break in IB can you please tell me that MSF add any value after Chartered..??
It’s hard to say because I don’t know your previous work/academic experience. But in India, as in other smaller markets, MSF degrees don’t help much because most recruiting takes place out of the top schools (Mostly the top IIMs with a bit from the top IITs) and, to a lesser extent, out of CA courses. I don’t think banks in India recruit much out of Master’s programs. An MSF would be more useful if you planned to work in another country.
Thanks Brian,
I have been researching MSF’s for several months and looking particularly at UT and Vandy for their 2018 matriculation. I’m currently 3.8 gpa in accounting at west coast non-target and will graduate Fall 17 with 2 boutique IB internships.
I don’t think getting a regional or smaller IB gig would be out of the question next fall, but realistically, there’s a decent chance Big4 could be best offer upon graduation (practically no one recruits at my school).
My current thought process is that I ought to pursue MSF right now rather than working and then maybe MBA down the road. My reasoning is that I have a VERY GOOD resume qualifications that I am confident could get me into top MSF, but would not hold the same weight for MBA admissions. (current Student-athlete, Honors College, oversee student-led VC fund, multiple other leadership positions within school and business school)
In my mind, once I start working, no one will care that I was student-athlete, honors, etc. However, MSF would! I’m curious to hear your thoughts as to whether you agree I should utilize the strong leverage I currently have with MSF admissions rather than working Big4 for a couple of years than maybe trying to do MBA.
If you already have multiple IB internships, then yes, an MSF now is better than working at a Big 4 firm for a few years and then doing an MBA.
My question is a slightly unrelated, but I recently graduated and had two IB internships, but was not able to hit on my super days. I still got a FO role in NYC that I have been in working in for a couple months. I was wondering if you think that it will look bad that I had two internships in the field but was not able to break in when I try to lateral into IB in the near future? Appreciate the help.
Yes, it could potentially hurt you. The best way to explain it depends on why you didn’t convert the internships into full-time roles and why you didn’t succeed in the Superdays, and you probably need something better than just getting unlucky since it wasn’t just one opportunity.
How about internships in BO roles in a BB? Are they relevant? Soecifically client onboarding
Yes, they can help. It’s not as ideal as front office experience, but it’s better than nothing and better than non-finance experience.
That is a very interesting article. I like the fact that you revisit topics already covered to provide alternative perspective of opportunities.
Hypothetically, suppose if a person did undergrad in Bachelors of Business Admin with major in Finance from a non-target school with okay GPA (3.45) and after graduating he worked in a company’s finance dept for a year.
Would you recommend pursuing MSF or MBA if he wants to pursue a career in IB, PE or similar area?
Probably an MSF in that case because you have a relevant major and experience and a decent GPA. An MBA is more expensive and time-consuming and wouldn’t necessarily get you better results.
Thanks for the prompt reply.
On a side note, I am currently studying for CFA Level II. In your opinion, do you think MSF would just be an extension of that. I mean it would definitely make me more specialized but not quite versatile.
Also, although not exactly relevant, but what is your opinion on pursuing Masters in Financial Engineering? Do you think that facilitate a transition for the quant side of the business?
An MFE is better if you want to do trading or quant trading or other roles that are more quantitative (rather than working on deals).
An MSF would add value over the CFA mainly because it would give you better access to recruiting. So it depends on how comfortable you feel networking on your own vs. how much you want to rely on structured recruiting.
Thanks for your insight
Apologies for the second comment box, but I wanted to ask what you meant by:
“Get Internship Experience ASAP – Many of these MSF programs are full-time, so you’ll have to go for part-time, school-year internships. You should try to take time off before the program to complete a “pre-MSF internship” as well, especially if you’re making a big change.”
What do you mean a pre-masters internship? Like apply for internships who hire university students in their penultimate year?
Yes, go for internships where they don’t care that you’re in between schools or degrees. You can always spin it by saying that you’re still “in school” and just moving to a Master’s degree soon. I don’t know if pre-MSF internships really exist like pre-MBA ones do, but many smaller firms should be open to the idea.
Hello Brian,
I’m currently an Engineering Student in the last year, from a top School in Brazil. I have done so far 2 internships (both of them for a long time), but none of them was finance related. I’m planning to enter in a top 2 year MSF in Europe, so I can get a propper internship experience to land IB jobs.
Considering that i would be at a Target European School, do you think i would be able to get into a summer internship at a BB in London at my master’s School year?
Yes, you should be able to, but you’ll probably need to get some time of part-time internship first to have the best chance. Otherwise, it’s hard to move directly to a large bank with no previous finance experience.
Hey Brian.
I am an international. I have admits to Simon Business Schools STEM designated MSF and WashUs non STEM MSF. WashU ranks 4th and Simon 7th. As an international, which of these schools are a safer bet for me? From my interactions, both schools offer great education but recruiting is better at WashU.
Background, CFA Level 2 candidate. Have an ER internship with a brokerage in India, worked in the PMO for regional bank in the UAE, had detailed exposure in FPandA and project planning for banking projects.
PS, mechanical engineer.
I think Simon is better if it’s STEM-designated. “Better recruiting” doesn’t mean much if companies are reluctant to hire you because they have to sponsor a visa.
Awesome article.
It really has given me the confidence to stick to my plan. Of course, I won’t underestimate the admissions processes for the reasons you stated, but it still helps. Thanks.
Especially the bit that says to “Show That You Can Win Job Offers” with the fact that I do have front office experience (and may have middle/front depending on how my next job change goes) and a relevant undergrad degree with the highest grade classification.
Honestly, for London especially, branding matters. My undergrad is a non-target and I’m confident that there’s an open secret that I don’t land other FO roles because I lack the prestige.
Yes, I found that can overshadow experience. Also, as harsh as it is, there are recruiters who will not take you as seriously if you lack the prestige if their client wants that.
I agree completely that prestige isn’t enough (believe it or not readers, there are still a large number of being who have prestige that don’t get the job easy). So you may be better off going to City than Oxford, for instance… though efinancialcareers tend to have a good list.
I was told in a networking event by a number of bankers and traders that you’ll also want to select a top tier school whose lecturers/staff are connected to the industry and not just academics.
Even MFin programmes which also have decent placement states such as Cambridge and London Business School’s MFin programme which are basically masters programmes that do not accept you unless you have about 2 years of relevant experience. (The fact they say “relevant” illustrates your point).
Good thing is you qualify for “graduate roles” again. As some of you would’ve noticed, after some time graduate targeted roles don’t seem to like you much if you’ve got experience (or more than they want to deal with). And you won’t be flogged off for not going to a top 20, or top 5. Though, bear in mind: if your undergrad wasn’t top 5-20, there are still some places you can’t apply to.
Though, I don’t think this is a full checklist… personally I reckon if you meet most of what you stated, you’ll be fine e.g. the head trader in my firm started his career in an operational role (in finance) and did use a masters at a top school in the UK (Reading) with their best placement programme to land a FO role at a BB bank.
But this was in ’02-’03, so I reckon things might’ve changed, would like your take on it.
Overall, great stuff! It is like this email came to me in the perfect time, I was actually debating whether I stood a chance of getting into some of the top programmes and if I was saving for nothing. Well, now I know I can! (Well, to sound less cocky, I know I have a feasible chance!)
Yes, I think those points are generally correct.
Hi Brian,
Could you comment a bit on the difference between traditional masters in finance programs and the one at LBS in terms of perception and recruiting? Seems like it’s a different beast altogether. Thanks.
LBS is closer to a traditional MBA program because you also gain access to companies that come on campus to recruit for MBA-level roles. And more work experience is required. But technically, it still counts as a Master’s program.
Hello Brian,
Can you please give some advice on taking a place at a top school in the UK (specifically LBS) with Brexit in the background?
To be more specific to your readership audience, can you consider the prestige of going to somewhere like LBS and whether career prospects are hampered due to Brexit negotiations?
Thanks Brian !
All Brexit changes is the geography of IB jobs in Europe (more jobs will move to Paris, Frankfurt, Amsterdam, Dublin, etc. instead of being so concentrated in London). Firms will still recruit at schools like LBS and all the other top-ranked schools in the U.K. because many of the best schools in Europe are there. If something does change with the school’s reputation, it will take place over decades, not months or years.